The European Intervention Initiative (EI2)

The European Intervention Initiative (Initiative européenne d’intervention, EI2/IEI) was first proposed by French President Emmanuel Macron in his Sorbonne keynote in September 2017 and nine members signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to begin work on 25 June 2018. France’s motivation to establish this, and other European military projects, is to support its operations in…

Read More

Royal Navy Type 45 destroyers cannot take the heat

The UK then joined France and Italy in the Horizon-class class of air-defence destroyers frigate program; however, differing national requirements, workshare arguments and delays led to the UK withdrawing on 26 April 1999 and starting its own national project Type 45 destroyer. The class is primarily designed for anti-aircraft and anti-missile warfare and is built…

Read More