The European Intervention Initiative (EI2)

The European Intervention Initiative (Initiative européenne d’intervention, EI2/IEI) was first proposed by French President Emmanuel Macron in his Sorbonne keynote in September 2017 and nine members signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to begin work on 25 June 2018. France’s motivation to establish this, and other European military projects, is to support its operations in…

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The ECOWAS in Focus of West African Integration Efforts

JCEEAS – Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies, Vol 2. Number 2 2022, pp. 168-188. Africa Research Institute at the Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, University of Óbuda (Hungary) The Economic Community of West African States, with French and Portuguese abbreviation: CEDEAO, abbreviated in English: ECOWAS, has currently fifteen members. The…

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