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Could the EU’s trade deal with Kenya strengthen the African Continental Free Trade Area?

In December, the EU and Kenya signed a trade agreement featuring strong provisions on environmental, social and labour standards. Niels Keijzer, Frederik Stender and Tim Vogel write that as Kenya walks the fine line of compliance, the outcome could not only shape the country’s economic landscape but also have implications for Kenya’s role in the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Could the EU’s trade deal with Kenya strengthen the African Continental Free Trade Area?

In December, the EU and Kenya signed a trade agreement featuring strong provisions on environmental, social and labour standards. Niels Keijzer, Frederik Stender and Tim Vogel write that as Kenya walks the fine line of compliance, the outcome could not only shape the country’s economic landscape but also have implications for Kenya’s role in the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Could the EU’s trade deal with Kenya strengthen the African Continental Free Trade Area?

In December, the EU and Kenya signed a trade agreement featuring strong provisions on environmental, social and labour standards. Niels Keijzer, Frederik Stender and Tim Vogel write that as Kenya walks the fine line of compliance, the outcome could not only shape the country’s economic landscape but also have implications for Kenya’s role in the African Continental Free Trade Area.

Euroviews: we need to commit to a new European deal for the future

The new European Parliament, the next European Commission, and the European Council will have a long path ahead to prepare for the next decades of global sustainable development. Jointly reaffirming the EU’s commitment to the SDGs is a clear way forward, UN and EESC experts write.

Euroviews: we need to commit to a new European deal for the future

The new European Parliament, the next European Commission, and the European Council will have a long path ahead to prepare for the next decades of global sustainable development. Jointly reaffirming the EU’s commitment to the SDGs is a clear way forward, UN and EESC experts write.

Euroviews: we need to commit to a new European deal for the future

The new European Parliament, the next European Commission, and the European Council will have a long path ahead to prepare for the next decades of global sustainable development. Jointly reaffirming the EU’s commitment to the SDGs is a clear way forward, UN and EESC experts write.

The effect of COVID-19 on the gender employment gap in Egyptian manufacturing

This paper examines the evolution of the gender employment gap post COVID-19 in the Egyptian manufacturing sector, using a unique firm-level data set. The findings show that the COVID-19 shock led to a slight improvement in the gender employment gap, both in absolute and relative terms, driven by a larger reduction in male employment compared to that for female employment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that exporting firms and firms in industrial zones on average increased both types of employment post COVID-19. Two types of firms contributed to a worsening of the gender gap, namely firms that adopted technology and those that provided worker training prior to the pandemic, pushing male employment up while not doing the same for female employment. Additionally, the informal sector contributed to a worsening of the gender gap during the pandemic.

The effect of COVID-19 on the gender employment gap in Egyptian manufacturing

This paper examines the evolution of the gender employment gap post COVID-19 in the Egyptian manufacturing sector, using a unique firm-level data set. The findings show that the COVID-19 shock led to a slight improvement in the gender employment gap, both in absolute and relative terms, driven by a larger reduction in male employment compared to that for female employment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that exporting firms and firms in industrial zones on average increased both types of employment post COVID-19. Two types of firms contributed to a worsening of the gender gap, namely firms that adopted technology and those that provided worker training prior to the pandemic, pushing male employment up while not doing the same for female employment. Additionally, the informal sector contributed to a worsening of the gender gap during the pandemic.

The effect of COVID-19 on the gender employment gap in Egyptian manufacturing

This paper examines the evolution of the gender employment gap post COVID-19 in the Egyptian manufacturing sector, using a unique firm-level data set. The findings show that the COVID-19 shock led to a slight improvement in the gender employment gap, both in absolute and relative terms, driven by a larger reduction in male employment compared to that for female employment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that exporting firms and firms in industrial zones on average increased both types of employment post COVID-19. Two types of firms contributed to a worsening of the gender gap, namely firms that adopted technology and those that provided worker training prior to the pandemic, pushing male employment up while not doing the same for female employment. Additionally, the informal sector contributed to a worsening of the gender gap during the pandemic.

European elections, Europe’s future and the Sustainable Development Goals: Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24

The Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24 (5th edition) provides an independent quantitative assessment of the progress by the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In light of the upcoming European Elections and UN Summit of the future, this year’s edition identifies 10 priority actions for the incoming EU leadership to accelerate SDG implementation within Europe and internationally. In the context of a fragmented and multipolar world, the ESDR 2023/24 calls for decisive action by the EU to avoid dangerous environmental and social tipping points. The Europe Sustainable Development Report is co-designed and co-created by and with civil society in Europe. This year’s edition builds on three workshops and one online public consultation organized between April and November 2023. On 04 April 2023, the SDSN and EESC organized a hybrid workshop on ‘How to Strengthen EU’s leadership for the SDGs’ which brought together more than 600 participants, including panellists from the European Parliament, the European Commission, current and incoming Council presidencies, civil society organizations, scientific institutions, and international organizations. Further workshops were held on 12 September 2023 (online) and on 8 November 2023 at the European Economic and Social Committee in Brussels (hybrid format), bringing together scientists, experts and practitioners from all over Europe. The opening chapter and joint statement also benefited from several rounds of consultations with partners.

European elections, Europe’s future and the Sustainable Development Goals: Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24

The Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24 (5th edition) provides an independent quantitative assessment of the progress by the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In light of the upcoming European Elections and UN Summit of the future, this year’s edition identifies 10 priority actions for the incoming EU leadership to accelerate SDG implementation within Europe and internationally. In the context of a fragmented and multipolar world, the ESDR 2023/24 calls for decisive action by the EU to avoid dangerous environmental and social tipping points. The Europe Sustainable Development Report is co-designed and co-created by and with civil society in Europe. This year’s edition builds on three workshops and one online public consultation organized between April and November 2023. On 04 April 2023, the SDSN and EESC organized a hybrid workshop on ‘How to Strengthen EU’s leadership for the SDGs’ which brought together more than 600 participants, including panellists from the European Parliament, the European Commission, current and incoming Council presidencies, civil society organizations, scientific institutions, and international organizations. Further workshops were held on 12 September 2023 (online) and on 8 November 2023 at the European Economic and Social Committee in Brussels (hybrid format), bringing together scientists, experts and practitioners from all over Europe. The opening chapter and joint statement also benefited from several rounds of consultations with partners.

European elections, Europe’s future and the Sustainable Development Goals: Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24

The Europe Sustainable Development Report 2023/24 (5th edition) provides an independent quantitative assessment of the progress by the European Union, its member states and partner countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In light of the upcoming European Elections and UN Summit of the future, this year’s edition identifies 10 priority actions for the incoming EU leadership to accelerate SDG implementation within Europe and internationally. In the context of a fragmented and multipolar world, the ESDR 2023/24 calls for decisive action by the EU to avoid dangerous environmental and social tipping points. The Europe Sustainable Development Report is co-designed and co-created by and with civil society in Europe. This year’s edition builds on three workshops and one online public consultation organized between April and November 2023. On 04 April 2023, the SDSN and EESC organized a hybrid workshop on ‘How to Strengthen EU’s leadership for the SDGs’ which brought together more than 600 participants, including panellists from the European Parliament, the European Commission, current and incoming Council presidencies, civil society organizations, scientific institutions, and international organizations. Further workshops were held on 12 September 2023 (online) and on 8 November 2023 at the European Economic and Social Committee in Brussels (hybrid format), bringing together scientists, experts and practitioners from all over Europe. The opening chapter and joint statement also benefited from several rounds of consultations with partners.

National Action and the New Agenda for Peace: IPI VP Adam Lupel Speaks at the 2024 Parliamentary Hearing at the UN

European Peace Institute / News - Thu, 02/08/2024 - 23:35

Event Video 

The UN Secretary General’s New Agenda for Peace places a strong emphasis on national action to prevent conflict and achieve sustainable development. As a result, national parliaments have an important role to play in the pursuit of a strengthened system of global governance and a more effective approach to collective security.

From February 8th-9th, over 200 parliamentarians from around the world convened for the 2024 edition of the annual Parliamentary Hearing between the UN and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The hearing took place as negotiations are ongoing for the Pact of the Future and in anticipation of a Summit of the Future that UNGA President Dennis Francis describes as a “once in a generation opportunity” to fast-track transformative solutions for improved multilateralism. This year’s theme, “Putting an end to conflicts: Prescriptions for a peaceful future,” shaped two days of wide-ranging conversations.

IPI Vice President and COO Adam Lupel spoke at the first meeting of the 2024 Parliamentary Hearing on the panel “The Future of Peace and Security: From good intentions to a renewed collective action.” Dr. Lupel identified the decay of universal commitments to international law and normative constraints on the use of force as the principal strategic threats to peace and security. Building on the New Agenda for Peace’s three core principles of trust, solidarity, and universality, he discussed the corrosive effect that geopolitical divisions and interests have had. Commenting on parliaments’ place in promoting universality, Dr. Lupel said “If we want to rebuild our capacity for collective security, we must demand that our leaders are morally and practically consistent in the application of international norms and the protection of civilians so that all countries, all peoples, feel that the system is there for them. And I think parliaments are well placed to make that demand.” Dr. Lupel also stressed that parliaments need to take a long-term view of cultivating the positive conditions of peace and that they have several tools of conflict prevention, such as preventive diplomacy, accountability mechanisms against excessive use of force, and the integration of a diverse range of actors at all levels of decision making. Similarly, he placed extra emphasis on the pursuit of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based violence as a core goal of the New Agenda for Peace that Parliaments are well-placed to effectively champion and achieve.

Marcel Fratzscher: „EU-Lieferkettengesetz würde Deutschlands Markenkern stärken“

Die Bundesregierung hat angekündigt, sich bei der Abstimmung zum EU-Lieferkettengesetz im EU-Rat diesen Freitag zu enthalten. Dazu ein Statement von Marcel Fratzscher, Präsident des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin):

Deutschland wird einen erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Schaden und Europa einen irreparablen politischen Schaden erleiden, falls das Lieferkettengesetz im EU-Rat keine Mehrheit findet. Doch die kurzsichtigen Interessen einiger deutscher Exportunternehmen scheinen sich wieder einmal durchzusetzen. Dabei hängt Deutschlands Wohlstand langfristig von verlässlichen Regeln und globalen Partnerschaften auf Augenhöhe ab. Unternehmensverbände argumentieren, ein Lieferkettengesetz wäre für Unternehmen zu kostspielig und würde sie in globalen Märkten an Wettbewerbsfähigkeit verlieren lassen. Das ist ethisch nicht vertretbar. Es ist auch aus wirtschaftlicher Perspektive nicht zu rechtfertigen, da deutsche Unternehmen trotz des Aufstiegs von China und asiatischer Niedriglohnländern ihren Marktanteil in den Weltmärkten behaupten konnten.

Die Enthaltung beim EU-Lieferkettengesetz ist nicht nur ein moralisches Versagen, sondern könnte langfristig vor allem der offenen deutschen Wirtschaft und ihrem wichtigsten Markenkern, der Reputation ihrer Produkte „Made in Germany“, schaden.

Green hydrogen for sustainable industrial development: a policy toolkit for developing countries

Green hydrogen (GH2) is gaining significant attention within the global energy landscape. As a clean and renewable energy carrier, GH2 holds the potential to  transform a number of sectors, spanning heavy industries to shipping and aviation. Its benefits are far-reaching, ranging from the reduction of greenhouse gas  emissions to reinforcing energy security and creating opportunities for green industrialization. However, to fully unlock GH2’s potential, an equitable distribution of its benefits to all is indispensable. Against this background, the report “GH2 for sustainable industrial development: A Policy Toolkit for Developing Countries”  reframes the prevailing narrative by shifting its focus away from the role of developing countries as producers and exporters in the future hydrogen market to  highlighting the significance of the hydrogen value chain for developing countries themselves.

Green hydrogen for sustainable industrial development: a policy toolkit for developing countries

Green hydrogen (GH2) is gaining significant attention within the global energy landscape. As a clean and renewable energy carrier, GH2 holds the potential to  transform a number of sectors, spanning heavy industries to shipping and aviation. Its benefits are far-reaching, ranging from the reduction of greenhouse gas  emissions to reinforcing energy security and creating opportunities for green industrialization. However, to fully unlock GH2’s potential, an equitable distribution of its benefits to all is indispensable. Against this background, the report “GH2 for sustainable industrial development: A Policy Toolkit for Developing Countries”  reframes the prevailing narrative by shifting its focus away from the role of developing countries as producers and exporters in the future hydrogen market to  highlighting the significance of the hydrogen value chain for developing countries themselves.

Green hydrogen for sustainable industrial development: a policy toolkit for developing countries

Green hydrogen (GH2) is gaining significant attention within the global energy landscape. As a clean and renewable energy carrier, GH2 holds the potential to  transform a number of sectors, spanning heavy industries to shipping and aviation. Its benefits are far-reaching, ranging from the reduction of greenhouse gas  emissions to reinforcing energy security and creating opportunities for green industrialization. However, to fully unlock GH2’s potential, an equitable distribution of its benefits to all is indispensable. Against this background, the report “GH2 for sustainable industrial development: A Policy Toolkit for Developing Countries”  reframes the prevailing narrative by shifting its focus away from the role of developing countries as producers and exporters in the future hydrogen market to  highlighting the significance of the hydrogen value chain for developing countries themselves.

Wie die Beteiligung von Geflüchteten Politik und Wissenschaft verbessern kann

Bonn, 5. Februar 2024 - Die weltweite Vertreibung nimmt aufgrund mehrerer Krisen zu. Dafür müssen Lösungen entwickelt werden. Politische Entscheidungsträger*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen müssen mehr tun, um Geflüchtete aktiv in Politik und Forschung einzubeziehen. Trotz zunehmender Anerkennung der zentralen Rolle von Geflüchteten, muss ihre Beteiligung weiter ausgebaut werden. Wenn die Stimmen und Perspektiven Geflüchteter nicht umfassender in die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Lösungen für Flucht einbezogen werden, bleiben die Legitimität der Maßnahmen und ihre erfolgreiche Umsetzung fraglich. Dies erfordert den politischen Willen der Entscheidungsträger*innen und sorgfältige ethische Überlegungen in der Forschung.

Die Forderungen von Geflüchteten nach Beteiligung an politischen Prozessen und Forschung steigen. In den letzten Jahren ist die Zahl der Refugee-led organisations (RLOs) weltweit stark gewachsen, wobei das Global Refugee-led Network und Refugees Seeking Equal Access at the Table prominente internationale Beispiele sind. In der Fluchtforschung haben die wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit und gleichberechtigte Beteiligung von Geflüchteten zu einer wachsenden Zahl kritischer Analysen und Publikationen geführt. Viele Wissenschaftler*innen und Geflüchtete fordern mehr partizipative Ansätze und eine aktive Rolle für Geflüchtete in Politik und Forschung.

Geflüchtete in globalen Entscheidungsgremien

Beim zweiten Globalen Flüchtlingsforum (GRF) in Genf/Schweiz im Dezember 2023 waren mehr als 300 der über 4.200 Teilnehmenden Geflüchtetendelegierte. Dies ist ein deutlicher Anstieg im Vergleich zum GRF 2019, an dem nur rund 70 Geflüchtete teilnahmen. Sprecher*innen der Konferenz kritisierten jedoch zu Recht, dass 23 von 25 eingeladenen Geflüchtetendelegierten des Africa Refugee-led Network die Visa verweigert wurden. Gemessen an der Gesamtzahl der Teilnehmenden blieb 2023 die Repräsentanz von Geflüchteten mit nur 7% gering. Das ist vor allem auf die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zurückzuführen, die eine stärkere Beteiligung von Geflüchteten an politischen Entscheidungsprozessen behindern.

Daher organisierten RLOs und Geflüchtete zeitgleich mit dem Forum den Refugee Leadership Multipurpose Space, in dem sie über 40 öffentliche Veranstaltungen zu Fragen von Partizipation und Repräsentation durchführten. Hier stellte Reem Alabali-Radovan, Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration, Kava Spartak als Delegationsmitglied vor. Mit ihm war erstmals ein Geflüchteter offizieller Teil einer deutschen Delegation.

Da RLOs oft die ersten Ansprechpartner*innen bei Krisen in ihren Gemeinden sind, wie z.B. während COVID-19, ist ihre Expertise essenziell für eine gute Politik und muss deshalb systematischer einbezogen werden. Ein Schritt in diese Richtung ist die Einrichtung eines Refugee Advisory Boards in Deutschland. Damit folgt Deutschland Australien, Kanada, Neuseeland und den Vereinigten Staaten, die bereits über solche Gremien verfügen- ein positiver Beitrag um den moralischen, politischen und rechtlichen Auftrag zur Beteiligung von Geflüchteten in der Politikgestaltung zu fördern.

Geflüchtete in der Forschung

Der aktivere Einbezug von Geflüchteten in der Forschung ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, insbesondere wenn es um ihre Erfahrungen geht. Dies fördert nicht nur einen inklusiveren und ethischeren Ansatz in der Forschung selbst, sondern stellt auch sicher, dass die Erfahrungen und Perspektiven der direkt Betroffenen besser dargestellt werden. Geflüchtete verfügen zweifellos über das beste Wissen über ihre Herausforderungen, Bewältigungsmechanismen und Hoffnungen für die Zukunft. Durch ihren aktiven Einbezug in die Forschung tragen sie zur Wissensgenerierung bei und fördern so ein authentischeres und umfassenderes Verständnis der komplexen Herausforderungen und Chancen, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind.

Partizipative Ansätze erhöhen nicht nur die Glaubwürdigkeit und Relevanz der Forschung, sondern stärken auch das Gefühl der Handlungsfähigkeit und Würde von Geflüchteten, indem sie als aktive Akteur*innen bei der Gestaltung von Politiken und Maßnahmen, die ihr Leben direkt betreffen, anerkannt werden. Wissenschaftler*innen müssen aber sicherstellen, dass Machtungleichgewichte angemessen berücksichtigt und Geflüchtete nicht gefährdet werden. Dies ist besonders wichtig in einem zunehmend politisierten, komplexen und unsicheren Umfeld weltweit, in dem öffentliche Räume für die Beteiligung von Geflüchteten und Forschung schrumpfen.

Ein IDOS-Forschungsprojekt, das u.a. von den Autoren dieser Kolumne durchgeführt wurde, ist ein gutes Beispiel: Dank einer vertrauensvollen Partnerschaft konnte die Forschung während der COVID-19-Pandemie in Zusammenarbeit mit Geflüchteten fortgesetzt werden, was den entscheidenden Wert ihrer Insiderperspektive und einer partnerschaftlichen Forschung unterstreicht, aber auch zum Nachdenken darüber anregt, wie Forschung stärker lokalisiert werden kann.

Lokal verankerte und partizipativ durchgeführte Forschung ist für humanitäre und entwicklungspolitische Vorhaben von entscheidender Bedeutung. Sie stärkt lokale Forschungskapazitäten und generiert durch lokale Beteiligung während des gesamten Forschungsprozesses kontextspezifische Lösungen, die eine passgenauere Politikberatung ermöglichen. Eine stärkere Beteiligung von Geflüchteten sowohl in der Politik als auch in der Forschung ist unerlässlich, um die Herausforderungen von Fluchtsituationen weltweit zu bewältigen.

Merlin Flaig ist Sozialwissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Forschungsprogramm „Transformation politischer (Un-)Ordnung“.

Abis Getachew ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter bei Esurv Consults in Äthiopien.

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