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This paper draws on the 2020/21 Egyptian Industrial Firm Behaviour Survey of 2,383 manufacturing firms to provide the first systematic, firm-level evidence on how Egypt’s industrial policy institutions are experienced by manufacturing firms. Using firms’ own perceptions of institutional obstacles, the analysis distinguishes between ministries (“institutions”) and subordinate ministerial and corporatist bodies (“entities”), and classifies these entities into capability-building bodies, regulatory gatekeepers, and quasi-public corporatist bodies. This framework allows the identification of systematic differences in firms’ perceptions across types of institutions and entities, as well as across firm types. It also enables the mapping of mandate overlaps among the entities most frequently identified as problematic. Three results emerge. First, firms report entities as substantially more problematic than ministries. Second, reported institutional burdens are unevenly distributed. In particular, regulatory gatekeepers that control licensing, standards, inspections and continued market access are associated with disproportionately higher reported burdens on structurally more vulnerable firms. Reported frictions are systematically higher for domestically oriented non-exporters, small and medium enterprises, firms located outside industrial zones, privately owned firms and especially informal firms. Third, these patterns are consistent with coordination failures arising from overlapping mandates and weak accountability within specialised agencies. The findings suggest several reform priorities centred on predictable and published requirements, a single coordinated front end for firms, end-to-end case handling, outcome-based monitoring and disclosure, and scaling only those programmes with rigorously demonstrated impact.

Alors que le pays amorce ce lundi sa rentrée sociale sur fond de reprise générale, Algérie Poste emboîte le pas en officialisant ses nouveaux horaires […]

L’article « À partir de ce 21 septembre » : Algérie Poste réaménage ses horaires d’ouverture est apparu en premier sur .

In state elections in Berlin and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the CDU has once again suffered major losses. While in the capital Die Linke (The Left Party) emerged as the strongest party, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania the AfD will now be the largest group in the state parliament. The CDU didn't even clear the five-percent hurdle necessary to hold seats there. Europe's media examine the results – and the chancellor's chances of retaining his post.

Denmark and the US have reached a deal in the Greenland dispute, with an accord due to be signed on Friday. According to the BBC, it will prohibit non-Nato countries from establishing military bases on Greenland and ban investments on the island that could pose a threat to the US. This means that the idea of the US annexing Greenland is apparently off the table. Copenhagen and Washington have both expressed their satisfaction. Rightly so?

After the Swiss Parliament's forced approval of a supplementary credit of almost 400 million euros for F-35 fighter jets ordered from the US, Carlo Sommaruga, a Social Democrat member of the Council of States, has called for the introduction of prison sentences of up to three years for government officials who tell political lies. For years, the Swiss government and administration claimed that the jets had been acquired for a fixed price.

In Portugal, several performers have cancelled their performances at a comedy festival where Jerry Seinfeld is the headliner, apparently in protest at his pro-Israeli stance. In the US, rapper Macklemore was dropped from the support line-up for Ed Sheeran's tour for making pro-Palestinian and anti-Israeli remarks on stage. The incidents have prompted a discussion about artistic freedom and freedom of expression in the Portuguese press.