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From anticolonial heroes to post-independence liabilities: morphing refugee categorizations in African geopolitics

Many colonies in Africa attained independence through negotiated settlements. However, several others engaged in armed liberation struggles, for example, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), and the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe. Newly independent states provided liberation movements with bases on their territories and political, military, intellectual, ideological, material, and moral support. In West Africa, Ghana’s first president, Kwame Nkrumah, a notable pan-Africanist, declared in his Independence Day speech in 1957, “Our independence is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of the African continent.” In East Africa, Julius Nyerere and Jomo Kenyatta, the first presidents of independent Tanzania and Kenya respectively, showed similar commitment to Pan-Africanism and anticolonialism by hosting refugees fleeing armed struggles in Southern Africa. Tanzania hosted the Organization of African Unity Liberation Committee supported anticolonial resistance and liberation movements. President Nyerere supported them for “challenging injustices of empire and apartheid” and declared, “I train freedom fighters”. He encouraged Tanzanians living around liberation movement camps to welcome these movements and their freedom fighters and also protect them from agents of colonial governments. Support also came from many other countries on the continent including Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Algeria. The latter provided sanctuary to representatives of liberation movements such as Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa.

From anticolonial heroes to post-independence liabilities: morphing refugee categorizations in African geopolitics

Many colonies in Africa attained independence through negotiated settlements. However, several others engaged in armed liberation struggles, for example, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), and the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe. Newly independent states provided liberation movements with bases on their territories and political, military, intellectual, ideological, material, and moral support. In West Africa, Ghana’s first president, Kwame Nkrumah, a notable pan-Africanist, declared in his Independence Day speech in 1957, “Our independence is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of the African continent.” In East Africa, Julius Nyerere and Jomo Kenyatta, the first presidents of independent Tanzania and Kenya respectively, showed similar commitment to Pan-Africanism and anticolonialism by hosting refugees fleeing armed struggles in Southern Africa. Tanzania hosted the Organization of African Unity Liberation Committee supported anticolonial resistance and liberation movements. President Nyerere supported them for “challenging injustices of empire and apartheid” and declared, “I train freedom fighters”. He encouraged Tanzanians living around liberation movement camps to welcome these movements and their freedom fighters and also protect them from agents of colonial governments. Support also came from many other countries on the continent including Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Algeria. The latter provided sanctuary to representatives of liberation movements such as Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa.

Drone strike by Sudan paramilitary kills 41 near Ethiopian border, rights group says

BBC Africa - Sat, 10/10/2026 - 16:49
Eight children are said to be among those killed by the strike, which hit a gathering of displaced people.

Media advisory - Environment Council of 12 October 2026

European Council - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Main agenda items, approximate timing, public sessions and press opportunities.

Taxation: Council updates the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes

European Council - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Today, the Council removed Panama and Viet Nam from the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, bringing the total number of jurisdictions on the list to 8.

Nicaragua: Council extends restrictive measures until October 2027

European Council - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
The Council extended EU restrictive measures in view of the situation in Nicaragua by one year, until 15 October 2027.

Simplification: Council gives final green light to new laws boosting defence industry and readiness

European Council - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Council adopts new laws to simplify rules on security and defence procurement, accelerate permit-granting procedures and strengthen defence readiness.

Carlo Comporti appointed chair of the European securities and markets authority

European Council - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
The Council has appointed Carlo Comporti as chairperson of the European securities and markets authority (ESMA).

Media advisory - Foreign Affairs Council of 12 October 2026

Europäischer Rat (Nachrichten) - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Main agenda items, approximate timing, public sessions and press opportunities.

Weekly schedule of President António Costa

Europäischer Rat (Nachrichten) - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Weekly schedule of President António Costa, 12-18 October 2026.

Media advisory – press conference and technical press briefing on the MFF

Europäischer Rat (Nachrichten) - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 18:08
Press conference and technical briefing on the MFF will take place on 10 October at 11.00. 

Cigarettes : la taxe additionnelle passerait à 85 DA par paquet en 2027, selon le PLF

Algérie 360 - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 17:30

Le PLF 2027 propose de porter la taxe additionnelle sur le tabac de 75 à 85 DA par paquet. Il relève aussi plusieurs taxes sur […]

L’article Cigarettes : la taxe additionnelle passerait à 85 DA par paquet en 2027, selon le PLF est apparu en premier sur .

Prix de l’essence en Algérie : une hausse possible en 2027 ?

Algérie 360 - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 17:16

Le projet de loi de finances 2027 autorise une révision des prix des carburants « en cas de besoin ». Le texte ne fixe ni […]

L’article Prix de l’essence en Algérie : une hausse possible en 2027 ? est apparu en premier sur .

Air Algérie : des billets aller-retour à partir de 148 euros, voici les destinations concernées

Algérie 360 - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 16:26

Air Algérie a lancé une nouvelle campagne promotionnelle sur plusieurs liaisons internationales, avec des billets aller-retour à partir de 148 euros. L’offre concerne une trentaine […]

L’article Air Algérie : des billets aller-retour à partir de 148 euros, voici les destinations concernées est apparu en premier sur .

Brûlures d’estomac et remontées acides : comment en finir avec le reflux gastro-œsophagien

Algérie 360 - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 15:49

Une brûlure derrière le sternum après un repas copieux, un goût acide au fond de la gorge au réveil : la plupart des adultes connaissent […]

L’article Brûlures d’estomac et remontées acides : comment en finir avec le reflux gastro-œsophagien est apparu en premier sur .

Das ist der neue ID. Tiguan

Blick.ch - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 14:08
VW ID.4 und ID.5 sind Geschichte. Volkswagen ersetzt das elektrische Zwillingspaar mit dem ID. Tiguan und bringt damit nicht nur einen bekannten Namen in die Elektropalette, sondern auch ein gefälligeres Design und mehr Wertigkeit im Innenraum.

«Das war für mich die letzte Chance»

Blick.ch - Fri, 10/09/2026 - 14:07
Dario Rohrbach spricht im Podacst «SCHLIIFTS?» über seine Zeit bei Ajoie und wie er sich beinahe dazu entschieden hat, den Hockey-Traum aufzugeben.

Les pics de glycémie ne sont pas forcément mauvais pour vous

BBC Afrique - Thu, 10/08/2026 - 18:19
On a tendance à s'inquiéter des pics de glycémie, mais ceux-ci peuvent constituer une réaction normale après un repas. Voici dans quels cas vous n'avez pas à vous inquiéter.

Qui est Bally Bagayoko, le maire de Saint-Denis qui s'est retrouvé au milieu des étudiants manifestants en France ?

BBC Afrique - Thu, 10/08/2026 - 16:36
Dans une vidéo qui fait le buzz sur les réseaux sociaux, Bally Bagayoko, maire de la ville française de Saint-Denis, en banlieue parisienne, se tient face aux forces de l'ordre lors d'une manifestation à Paris mardi. Protégeant avec son corps de jeunes manifestants et criant « arrêtez » à l'endroit des forces de l'ordre prêtes à charger la foule,

Pourquoi le magnat zimbabwéen « Sir Wicknell » était-il à la fois aimé et détesté en Afrique ?

BBC Afrique - Thu, 10/08/2026 - 13:47
Wicknell Chivayo a divisé les opinions de son vivant et continue de le faire après sa mort.

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