In summer 2023, the EU entered a strategic raw materials partnership with Chile. While the EU is seeking to gain better access to critical raw materials such as lithium and copper, Chile is aiming to diversify its raw materials sector and boost local value creation. Despite progress having been made in the scientific and technological spheres, industrial cooperation has so far fallen short of expectations. To fully realise the potential of the partnership, the EU should seek to ensure that its existing initiatives with Chile are more closely aligned and should make more effective use of synergies between raw materials, renewable energy and hydrogen. This will require stronger investment incentives for European companies. Given the new US trade policy, it is especially important that the EU underpins its partnership promises through concrete actions in order to demonstrate that it is a reliable partner.
Ankara’s “techno-nationalist” policies aim to place Turkey among the innovation leaders of the 21st century. The country has already achieved notable progress in its defence industry, launched its own EV brand and is preparing a space mission. But creating “native and national” (yerli ve milli) alternatives to the big global players in artificial intelligence (AI), 5G or semiconductors is not an easy task. With few commercial success stories to show, Turkey still needs international partners to develop innovation in the twenty-first century. This is likely to become more challenging under the Trump administration, whose drastic trade policies have complicated the relationships between China, Europe and the United States. With different dependencies on each of these actors (American digital corporations, Chinese network infrastructure and EU tech norms) Turkey faces a geopolitical trilemma in the field of technology.
Der Terroranschlag in Pahalgam, bei dem am 22. April insgesamt 26 Menschen ermordet wurden, hat den Kaschmir-Konflikt zwischen Indien und Pakistan zurück auf die internationale Bühne gebracht. Die militärischen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen beiden Ländern und die diplomatische Intervention der USA haben eine Reihe von Dilemmata Indiens im Umgang mit Pakistan offenkundig werden lassen. Auf nationaler Ebene gelingt es Indien nicht, den Terror in Jammu und Kaschmir dauerhaft einzudämmen. Im regionalen Kontext ist das Land trotz seiner konventionellen Überlegenheit nicht imstande, eine wirksame Abschreckung gegenüber Pakistan aufzubauen. Auf internationaler Ebene ist die Ankündigung von US-Präsident Donald Trump, im Kaschmir-Konflikt zu vermitteln, für Indien ein herber diplomatischer Rückschlag.
Germany’s international and European policy environment is changing drastically. This necessitates a reorientation of Germany’s European policy. The European Union (EU) is becoming increasingly important for Germany as a powerful community of action and should be further developed into an economic and security life insurance policy for Germany and the EU’s other member states. In the coalition agreement between the CDU / CSU and the SPD, the new governing parties are claiming a pragmatic leadership role for Germany in European policy. To realise this ambition and advance key policies that are crucial for European self-determination, the new government should provide leadership that is marked by enhanced European policy coordination, grounded in an expanded partnership strategy, and aimed at strengthening the Union’s overall capacity to act.
With the reconfiguration of international supply chains, Mexico has gained importance as a location for new foreign investments. The country has been able to benefit from nearshoring, that is, the relocation of services or production processes closer to consumer markets. This is associated with lower logistics costs and often better management of supplier relationships. However, this boom in investments has abated due to various uncertainties – not least being Washington’s threats to raise tariffs, which burdens the economic prospects associated with nearshoring. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum is attempting to counter this trend, but in view of the increasingly urgent demand by the United States for third countries to adopt an anti-Chinese course, Mexico is at risk of being caught in the trap of “security-shoring” and losing its autonomous room for manoeuvre. This is already forcing Mexico – as well as its economic partners who have invested there – to realign their production processes.
Mit der Trump-Administration ist die Ära der transatlantischen Gewissheit auch für Polens Sicherheitspolitik vorüber. Die enge sicherheits- und verteidigungspolitische Kooperation mit den USA und das amerikanische Engagement in Europa waren und sind das Fundament der polnischen Sicherheit. Mehr noch: Das polnisch-amerikanische Sonderverhältnis war für Polen überdies ein Kraftverstärker für seine Rolle in Europa. Doch der Eckstein der polnischen Sicherheit ist brüchig geworden. Schutzgarantien werden weniger glaubwürdig, die Reduktion von Truppenpräsenzen auch in Polen kann real werden. Während in Polen der Bündnistreue der USA nach außen Vertrauen geschenkt wird, kommen faktisch Zweifel an der Zuverlässigkeit des großen Verbündeten auf. Polen möchte die transatlantischen Beziehungen und die US-Präsenz in Europa konsolidieren, durchgeht aber gleichzeitig ein europäisches Moment. Deutschland und Polen könnten in Anbetracht dessen eine Sicherheitspartnerschaft etablieren.