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US-Präsident bei Duell im Nachteil?

La littérature et le monde albanais sont en deuil après le décès d'Ismail Kadaré, survenu le matin 1er juillet à Tirana. Né le 28 janvier 1936 à Gjirokastër, il était l'écrivain albanais le plus connu et le plus traduit dans le monde. Hommage(s).

- Articles / Courrier des Balkans, Albanie, Culture et éducation, Personnalités

Aujourd'hui dans l'Expresso : le camp présidentiel divisé sur le front républicain, la Cour suprême d’Espagne refuse d’appliquer la loi d’amnistie à Carles Puigdemont, l’UE signe un partenariat d’un milliard d’euros avec l’Égypte pour endiguer les flux migratoires.

Le parti GERB, vainqueur des élections en Bulgarie, a proposé lundi 1er juillet un gouvernement dont l’objectif principal sera de récupérer les 12 milliards d’euros promis à la Bulgarie dans le cadre du plan de relance pour l’Europe.

Le président polonais Andrzej Duda a formé son propre conseil pour faire avancer les plans de construction d’un nouveau « méga aéroport » en Pologne, un projet phare de l’ancien parti au pouvoir, le PiS.

Le juge de la Cour Suprême d’Espagne, Pablo Llarena, a refusé lundi (1er juillet) d’appliquer la loi controversée d’amnistie à l’ancien président catalan Carles Puigdemont, qui souhaitait revenir en Espagne depuis son exil auto-imposé dans le sud de la France.

Americas Raytheon won a $27 million modification, which adds scope and increases ceiling to procure 24 mid-body range safety subsystem kits and flight test kits in support of Tactical Tomahawk missiles for the Navy, Army, and Marine Corps. Work is expected to be completed in May 2027. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity. Lockheed Martin has landed a $5.2-billion contract to supply the US Army with Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missiles. The US Department of Defense (DoD) did not say how many missiles will be delivered as part of the contract. However, it said the work for the deal will be performed at Lockheed facilities in Alabama, Florida, New York, and nine other states. Deliveries will run through 2027. Middle East & Africa The pier built by the US military to bring aid to Gaza has been removed due to weather to protect it, and the US is considering not reinstalling it unless the aid begins flowing out into the population again, US officials said Friday. While the military has helped deliver desperately needed food through the pier, the vast majority of it is still sitting in the adjacent storage yard and that area is almost full. […]

Surprise and jubilation in the United Nation Security Council (UNSC): 2028 begins with a bang. The permanent members of the body declare that they will voluntarily renounce their right of veto in cases of mass atrocities. This self-limitation, achieved after a long struggle, would have been unthinkable without the far-reaching reform of the Security Council that preceded it. The initiative, based on an earlier Franco-Mexican proposal and the Code of Conduct of the Accountability, Coherence and Transparency Group (ACT Group), came from the new members of the enlarged UNSC. Since 2027, it has consisted of 27 instead of 15 members. Germany is among the new members. In her first speech after the enlargement, the German Ambassador to the UN noted with a wink that her country had hoped to be represented in 2027/28 even without the reform. After all, Berlin had already announced in 2023 that it would stand for election as a non-permanent member in 2027/28. However, it was not fore­seeable at the time that Germany would now be one of the six new semi-permanent members of the Security Council.

Event Video 
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IPI together with the Office of the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety and Global Citizen, cohosted on July 1st the US launch of “Make a Safety Statement,” a joint United Nations–JCDecaux Global Campaign for Road Safety.

Every year, road traffic deaths claim the lives of a staggering 1.19 million people and leave countless others with severe injuries. In response to this urgent global issue, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety, Jean Todt, in collaboration with JCDecaux, with the support of Saatchi & Saatchi, launched a worldwide campaign under the motto “Make a Safety Statement.” This initiative is being launched in 80 countries and 1,000 cities and represents a call to action, amplifying the message of the New Decade of Action for Road Safety, aiming to halve the number of road-related victims by 2030.

In the US, road crashes are the second biggest cause of accidental death, after firearms. According to the World Health Organization, the US fatality rate is estimated at 12.7 per 100,000 people, while the rate in Europe is 6.5 per 100,000 people. Pedestrian deaths in the US rose over 40% from 2010 to 2018, more than twice the pace of any other OECD country.

The campaign aims to promote road safety and create secure, inclusive, and sustainable streets worldwide. Through active involvement in the “Making a Safety Statement” campaign, we can decrease risk factors, especially in urban areas, enabling people to safely walk, live, and enjoy their environment. The initiative aims to enhance the quality of life for individuals and safeguard the well-being of our planet and people.

Speakers focused on creating “safe and sustainable mobility in the city, from NYC to Marrakesh.” During the event, Street Art for Mankind artist Dragon76 created an original piece of art that was unveiled at the conclusion of the event.

Street Art for Mankind is a nonprofit organization that strongly believes in the power of art to trigger social change. With the support of over 80 prominent international street artists, the organization curates and produces large murals, interactive exhibitions, and live performances around the world to bond communities and generations around human rights.

Welcoming remarks:
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, President and CEO of the International Peace Institute
Jean Todt, UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Road Safety
Jean-Luc Decaux, President & Co-CEO of JCDecaux North America

Opening remarks:
H.E. Omar Hilale, Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of Morocco to the UN
H.E. Hedda Samson, Deputy Head of the European Union Delegation to the UN

Speakers:
H.E. Krzysztof Szczerski, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Poland to the UN
Ydanis Rodriguez, Commissioner of the NYC Department of Transportation
Lucrecia O’Har, Account Manager – Local Government (NYC), ESRI
Dani Simons, Vice President of Communications and Public Affairs – Americas, Alstom

Closing remarks and call to action:
Jean Reno, Actor and Road Safety Advocate
Audrey and Thibault Decker, Co-Founders of Street Art for Mankind
Dragon76, Artist

Moderator:
Esra Sergi Bertani, Communications Officer, UN Office for Partnership

Sommaire

Actualité
- La Chine ne veut pas renoncer à sa dette africaine
- Algérie : nouveau règlement de comptes au sein de l’odjak des janissaires

Dossier : Les élections en Afrique du Sud ou le mythe de la « nation arc-en-ciel »
- L’évolution du corps électoral depuis 1994
- Afrique du Sud : la grande stabilité du corps électoral
- Quelle coalition pour diriger un pays en crise ?

Histoire
Lyautey et le Maroc


Editorial de Bernard Lugan
Ce numéro de l’Afrique Réelle comporte quatre thèmes.
1) A la différence des « Occidentaux » qui, périodiquement, rongés par une auto-culpabilisation relevant du masochisme, acceptent de rééchelonner ou d’annuler la dette africaine, les Chinois, eux, ne prêtent pas pour perdre de l’argent. Voilà pourquoi ils refusent tout rééchelonnement global.
2) En Algérie, il faudra bientôt compter les généraux qui ne sont pas passés par la case prison… Ce pays ravagé par la guerre des clans militaires est le digne héritier de la régence turque durant laquelle, et cela pendant trois siècles, les règlements de comptes se sont faits au sein de l’odjak des janissaires dont les militaires algériens semblent être les successeurs. 
3) En Afrique du Sud où, à l’issue des dernières élections, l’ANC a perdu la majorité absolue, un gouvernement de coalition a donc été constitué. Mais, paradoxe, alors que les programmes politiques de l’ANC, de l’Umkhonto we Sizwe et des EFF sont quasiment identiques, les haines personnelles entre leurs trois dirigeants, Cyril Ramaphosa, Jacob Zuma et Julius Malema, ont fait que c’est finalement une alliance quasi surréaliste qui s’est constituée. La nouvelle majorité associe en effet l’ANC et la DA (Democratic Alliance). Vont ainsi gouverner ensemble un parti qui veut amplifier l’Affrmative Action, qui demande qu’Israël soit condamné pour génocide, dont tous les députés ont voté pour la saisie des fermes blanches, et un parti blanc qui combat l’Affirmative Action, qui soutient Israël et qui s’oppose à la saisie des fermes appartenant aux Blancs… 
Résultat, l’EFF et Umkhonto we Sizwe parlent de trahison des idéaux de l’ANC, de combine destinée à sauvegarder les postes et les prébendes des caciques de l’ANC, et appellent tous les Noirs à les rejoindre… Une situation à suivre…
4) Dans le contexte universaliste et assimilateur dans lequel baignait alors la colonisation française, Hubert Lyautey constitue une exception car il ne fut pas un colonisateur au sens « classique » du terme. Son action procéda en effet d’une grande constante qu’il eut toujours à l’esprit : le Protectorat français sur le Maroc n’était qu’un état transitoire, provisoire même, devant inéluctablement aboutir à l’indépendance du pays. Tout le contraire de la politique appliquée en Algérie après 1870 quand le régime civil républicain succédant au régime militaire exerça des ravages et provoqua un traumatisme insurmontable.

Smoke rises from the Israeli side after Palestinian Hamas gunmen infiltrated areas of southern Israel, as seen from Gaza, October 7, 2023. REUTERS/Mohammed Salem

Speaking at a conference titled “The World After October 7th,” which was organized by the European Association for the Defense of Democracies and the World Council for Public Diplomacy and Community Dialogue, Imam Hassen Chalgoumi stated: “October 7 was a turning point, comparable to the September 11 terror attacks.   The attacks by Hamas and their allies shocked not only Israel but the entire world.  It was a horrific crime, a massive massacre that changed the world.”

Following the October 7 Massacre, Hamas, Hezbollah, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Houthis in Yemen united under the Iranian umbrella in order to attack Israel.  Chalgoumi pointed out the growing alliance between various Islamist groups, including Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood, and other extremist organizations. He stressed that these groups reveal the true nature of terrorism and pose a threat to global security. “These groups do not represent Islam,” he emphasized, “but are dangerous extremists undermining the stability of different regions.”

In Europe, Chalgoumi sees a troubling trend of increasing support for Islamist ideologies, often accompanied by support from far-left and far-right groups. He warned that this development is leading to more division and fear in Europe. “The rise of extremist parties on both sides is a threat to Europe’s unity and security,” he warned.

Chalgoumi called for concrete actions to combat extremism. He advocated for improved education, stronger legislation, and more support for moderate voices within the Muslim community. “We must invest in education and awareness,” he said. “Parents, teachers, and religious leaders play a crucial role in preventing radicalization.”

He also emphasized the importance of responsible media use and addressing online radicalization. “The propaganda on social media is powerful and dangerous,” Chalgoumi said. “We must protect young people from these influences by teaching them critical thinking and making them aware of the dangers.”

Chalgoumi concluded with a call for unity and cooperation. “It is time for us to come together and work towards a peaceful and stable future,” he said. “We can only overcome these challenges by working together and supporting each other.” 

Manel Msalmi, president of EADM and a women’s rights activist, noted the atrocities committed by Hamas against Israeli women and children on October 7, including the mass rapes of the living and the dead, and the sexual torture endured by the hostages.  She also noted the rise of antisemitic attacks in Europe, such as the recent rape of a 12-year-old Jewish girl by anti-Semites in France.   She stressed the need to fight against hate and extremism in the wake of the rise of far right and the far left during the elections. 

Across Europe, mainstream and left-leaning parties that have traditionally been strong supporters of democracy and minority rights have grown more critical of Israel and more sympathetic to the Continent’s growing antisemitism. Meanwhile, right-leaning parties, including some on the far right that have historically espoused antisemitism, are now more supportive of Israel and are taking a strong stand against Islamic extremism — albeit one often infused with racism and xenophobia.  This makes the plight of Jews in Europe more precarious than ever following the October 7 massacre.     

European Defence Agency (EDA) has launched the third phase of its Modular Lightweight Minesweeping Next Generation (MLM-NG) project. The main objective is to further raise the technology readiness level (TRL) of relevant systems and to demonstrate the use of modular lightweight minesweeping in an operational setting, building upon the developments within the first (2011-2014) and second (2018-2021) phases. This third phase, which has a budget of around € 9.2 million, brings together six Member States: Belgium, Germany, France, Finland, Poland and is led by Norway. 

Across Europe, several nations are planning a replacement or reintroduction of their maritime minesweeping capability. Most concepts for new capabilities are based on a flexible solution with autonomous and remotely operated sweeping systems, but the technology is not mature enough to be adopted by most nations.

The aim for future mine sweeping solutions is to develop and utilise smaller Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) with lightweight sweep sources. These sources can be operated with a single platform or by a formation of several USVs, depending on the operation.

The previous, MLM-II project, developed technology demonstrators and proved the feasibility of the modular and lightweight concept for minesweeping. MLM-NG will use the results from the MLM projects and further develop the relevant technologies. The project will also look into tactics, procedures and the concept of operations for such systems.

MLM-NG aims to culminate with a live demonstration in sea trails, currently foreseen for Summer 2026 in Norway. Those tests are planned to include an operational assessment in addition to the technological and conceptual evaluations. During the demonstration all systems will be controlled from a command center on land, without personnel in the mine danger area. In the build up to the demonstration, the project will also address operational use, procedures, command and control (C2) principles, concept of operations (CONOPS) and functional requirements. All of which should contribute to the main objective of this project; further raising the TRL of relevant systems and to demonstrate the use of modular lightweight minesweeping in an operational setting.

Consortium members

The ten consortium members will come from the six participating Member States, namely;

• BE: Royal Military Academy, Belgian Defence
• DE: WTD 71, MTG Marinetechnik GmbH
• FI: Finnish Naval Academy, Patria
• FR: DGA TN
• NO: FFI (leads), H. Henriksen
• PL: CTM

Brahim Saadoun was studying in Ukraine when the Russians invaded in February 2022.

L'Albanie a fini par publier le 28 juin les premiers chiffres du recensement 2023. Le pays a perdu près de 15 % de sa population en une décennie. L'ampleur de la saignée démographique pourrait être encore pire selon l'opposition, qui dénonce des manipulations.

- Le fil de l'Info / Courrier des Balkans, Albanie, Populations, minorités et migrations, Recensement Balkans occidentaux, Exode

Americas RIX Industries won a $31 million for a firm-fixed-price, undefinitized contract action for the procurement of 25 Virginia-class high pressure air compressors. All work will be performed in Benicia, California, and is expected to be completed by July 2030. Naval Supply Systems Command Weapon Systems Support, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, is the contracting activity. L3Harris has accepted two contracts to provide management and control systems for the Royal Canadian Navy’s Surface Combatant (CSC) fleet. The CSC program was conceptualized in 2011 to replace the service’s existing Iroquois-class guided missile destroyers and Halifax-class frigates. Nova Scotia-based Irving Shipbuilding won the deal to construct up to 15 CSC ships starting in 2024. Middle East & Africa Nigeria has announced plans to further boost its counter-terrorism capabilities by procuring 50 new military aircraft. Speaking at the opening of two new aircraft hangars in northwestern Nigeria, Chief of the Air Staff Hassan Bala Abubakar said the country will acquire 12 AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters and a dozen more AW109 multi-purpose helicopters. Europe Saab, a leading Swedish defense and aerospace company, has signed a new contract with the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) for the delivery of a third GlobalEye airborne early warning and control aircraft (AEW&C). This agreement, valued at approximately $270 […]

Les dates se téléscopent et les mémoires s'opposent. Le 27 juin, la justice monténégrine a inculpé l'ancien Procureur général Milivoje Katnić pour des crimes de guerres commis durant le siège de Dubrovnik. Le lendemain, le Parlement adoptait une résolution controversée sur le « génocide » commis par les Oustachis dans le camp de Jasenovac, provoquant l'ire de Zagreb.

- Le fil de l'Info / Croatie, Monténégro, Courrier des Balkans, Histoire, Relations régionales, Criminels de guerre