Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

2021 ist ein wichtiges Jahr für die Zusammenarbeit Europas mit seinen Nachbarn im Nahen Osten und in Nordafrika (MENA). Die Corona-Pandemie zwang die Europäische Union (EU) bei der Erstellung ihres neuen Mehrjahreshaushalts, die politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Prioritäten ihrer Kooperation mit den MENA-Ländern sowie die ihrer Mitgliedstaaten zu überdenken. Ihr Potenzial, die Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft in den MENA-Ländern positiv zu beeinflussen, hat sie aber noch längst nicht ausgeschöpft. Die jüngste Mitteilung zur Europäischen Nachbarschaftspolitik (ENP) Süd vom Februar 2021 kündigt eine „neue Agenda“ für die Zusammenarbeit mit den MENA-Ländern an. Offensichtliche Zielkonflikte bleiben aber unausgesprochen, v.a. die Unvereinbarkeit des Strebens nach liberal-demokratischen und Wirtschaftsreformen, mehr Rechenschaftspflicht und der Achtung von Menschenrechten durch die MENA-Regierungen auf der einen Seite und einer restriktiven Handelspolitik der EU, Migrationssteuerung und sicherheitspolitischer Kooperation auf der anderen. Zudem mangelt es an bilateraler Koordination zwischen den EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Das Konzept des Gesellschaftsvertrags könnte helfen, diese Konflikte zu überwinden. Sie sind unvermeidlich, wenn inter-nationale Kooperation v.a. kurz- bis mittelfristige Ziele wie Migrationssteuerung, Resilienzförderung und Privatinvestitionen verfolgt. In autoritären Kontexten wird dadurch aber oft der Staat zu Lasten der Gesellschaft gestärkt, was zu Spannungen führt und nicht zur angestrebten Stabilität. Gesellschaftsverträge stärker zu beachten führt zu einer längerfristigen Perspektive. Sie beruhen auf der Erbringung von 3 „P“s durch den Staat: Protection (Schutz der Bürger), Provision (wirtschaftliche und soziale Dienstleistungen) und Participation (Teilhabe der Gesellschaft an Entscheidungen).
Das Konzept des Gesellschaftsvertrags kann Orientierung bei der gemeinsamen Ausrichtung und Organisation der Politik der EU und ihrer Mitgliedstaaten geben. Es verdeutlicht, wie die drei „P“s bei der Verbesserung des sozialen Zusammenhalts, der innerstaatlichen Beziehungen und der politischen Stabilität zusammenwirken. Dadurch hilft es, die Wirksamkeit, Kohärenz und Koordination der MENA-Politik der EU und ihrer Mitgliedstaaten zu verbessern. Einige Mitglieder fokussieren hierin auf Handel und Investitionen, andere auf politische Reformen und Menschenrechte und wieder andere auf Migrationssteuerung. Eine längerfristige Perspektive würde verdeutlichen, dass nachhaltigere Gesellschaftsverträge in den MENA-Ländern alle diesen Zielen dienlich sind. Alle Maßnahmen der Europäer sollten daher auf Reformen abzielen, die die Gesellschaftsverträge der MENA-Länder für alle Vertragsparteien, also Regierungen und gesellschaftliche Gruppen, akzeptabler machen. Im Idealfall werden solche Reformen von den Parteien auf Augenhöhe ausgehandelt. In der Praxis ist die Verhandlungsmacht der Gesellschaft aber oft begrenzt – weshalb europäische Politik die Gesellschaften stets mindestens so sehr stärken sollte wie die Regierungen. In diesem Papier werden vier Bereiche der Zusammenarbeit erörtert, die wirkungsvolle Treiber für Veränderungen in den Gesellschaftsverträgen darstellen: (i) Konfliktlösung, Friedenskonsolidierung und Wiederaufbau; (ii) Wiederaufbau nach der Corona-Pandemie: Gesundheit und soziale Absicherung; (iii) Partizipation auf lokaler, regionaler und nationaler Ebene; sowie (iv) Migration und Mobilität zum gegenseitigen Nutzen.

Die Abteilung Staat (Public Economics) im DIW sucht ab dem 1. November 2021 eine

eine studentische Hilfskraft (w/m/div)
für 10 Wochenstunden

Das DIW Berlin sucht zum nächstmöglichen Zeitpunkt eine / einen

 Leiterin / Leiter der Abteilung Forschungsinfrastruktur

Die Abteilung Forschungsinfrastruktur mit derzeit 24 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern setzt sich aus den Servicebereichen Informationstechnik, Bibliothek und Forschungsdatenmanagement zusammen und hat die Aufgabe, die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter des DIW Berlin in ihrer Forschung durch die Bereitstellung einer organisatorischen und technischen Infrastruktur, insbesondere auch für die Dokumentation und Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen, zu unterstützen.

Die Informationstechnik sorgt für einen technisch reibungslosen Ablauf der Forschungsarbeit am DIW Berlin. Dabei befindet sich sämtliche dafür nötige Infrastruktur im DIW Berlin. Die rund 350 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter des Hauses werden mit Endgeräten (PCs, Notebooks und Smartphones) sowie Software versorgt.

Die Bibliothek des DIW Berlin ist eine wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Spezialbibliothek, die die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter des DIW Berlin in der Literaturrecherche und Dokumentation ihrer Forschungsergebnisse unterstützt. Die Bibliothek ist aktiv im Bereich Open Access und leistet im Bereich des Berichtswesens wichtige Dienstleistungen.

Die Abteilung ist auch zuständig für den Bereich „Forschungsdatenmanagement“, in dem zentrale Dienstleistungen zur Datenbeschaffung, zur Bereitstellung und zur Zitierbarmachung im DIW Berlin erzeugter Forschungsdaten sowie zur Unterstützung bei der Datenerstellung geleistet werden sollen. Vorarbeiten für diesen Bereich existieren bereits.

Russia and China are seen as the main beneficiaries of the Western withdrawal from Afghanistan regarding their political influence and potential exertion of power. In both the Chinese and Russian debate, however, alongside triumphant comments about Western failure, serious concerns about the regional security situation are being voiced. Western actors should seek a more nuanced understanding of Beijing’s and Moscow’s perspectives. This could also lead to opportunities for cooperation that would serve to stabilise Central Asia and Afghanistan. In view of the intensifying global systemic rivalry, however, the scope for cooperation will remain limited.

Auch nach dem Vollzug des Brexits belastet der Umgang mit Nordirland die Beziehungen zwischen Europäischer Union und Vereinigtem Königreich. Aus Sicht Lon­dons führt das Nordirland-Protokoll zu unzumutbaren wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Verwerfungen, darum fordert es eine grundlegende Neuverhandlung. Die EU wieder­um wirft der britischen Regierung vor, ihren Pflichten nicht vollständig nachzukom­men, die sich aus dem Protokoll ergeben. Die jüngste Verlängerung von Übergangsfristen hat die Konfrontation zwar entschärft, aber eine Regelung der schwierigen Fragen nur vertagt. Im Hintergrund schwelt weiterhin ein ernster politischer Streit mit Folgen für das ohnehin angespannte britisch-europäische Verhältnis. Doch ein reines Beharren auf den Rechtspflichten Londons reicht auch für die EU nicht – sie sollte sich bei der Umsetzung flexibel zeigen, dafür aber einfordern, dass London das Protokoll unmissverständlich akzeptiert.

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project's (AgMIP) Regional Impact Assessment (RIA) framework was used to assess the current and future crop-livestock production systems to climate change in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Core questions addressed in this chapter are: What is the Sensitivity of Current Rainfed Fallow-Chickpea Farming System of Kurnool District to Climate Change? What Are the Benefits of Current Climate-Smart Adaptation Strategies in Current Rainfed Farming System in the Region? What Is the Impact of Climate Change on Future Fallow-Chickpea Farming System? What Are the Benefits of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Future Rainfed Chickpea-Based Farming System?

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project's (AgMIP) Regional Impact Assessment (RIA) framework was used to assess the current and future crop-livestock production systems to climate change in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Core questions addressed in this chapter are: What is the Sensitivity of Current Rainfed Fallow-Chickpea Farming System of Kurnool District to Climate Change? What Are the Benefits of Current Climate-Smart Adaptation Strategies in Current Rainfed Farming System in the Region? What Is the Impact of Climate Change on Future Fallow-Chickpea Farming System? What Are the Benefits of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Future Rainfed Chickpea-Based Farming System?

The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project's (AgMIP) Regional Impact Assessment (RIA) framework was used to assess the current and future crop-livestock production systems to climate change in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Core questions addressed in this chapter are: What is the Sensitivity of Current Rainfed Fallow-Chickpea Farming System of Kurnool District to Climate Change? What Are the Benefits of Current Climate-Smart Adaptation Strategies in Current Rainfed Farming System in the Region? What Is the Impact of Climate Change on Future Fallow-Chickpea Farming System? What Are the Benefits of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Future Rainfed Chickpea-Based Farming System?

The Corona pandemic has shown us more than any other recent event that when it comes to a global crisis, we are all in the same boat. In a complex world, we need cooperation to meet global challenges. Networks can provide a structure that enables cooperation and offers promises of being flexible and adaptable. This paper will focus on transnational and transdisciplinary knowledge networks formed by alumni – people who have experienced collective training at the start of their network journeys. Through this shared experience, I see a special potential for these types of networks to engage in collaborative work and create a wider impact in society. The overall question of this paper is: How can knowledge networks fully develop their transformative potential through strategic alumni management? This question is of interest to network facilitators, especially of alumni networks.
In order to address the challenge, the paper first presents findings from the alumni management literature focusing on the definition of alumni management, its relevance and the life stages of ideal alumni. This is complemented by insights from the social movement area that highlight the development paths of networks as well as the success factors for social impact networks. Empirical examples from existing alumni networks elaborate the success factors within their work. From these three areas, five recommendations are deduced. In order to foster transformation and create social impact beyond their networks, alumni networks should:
(1) align their activities to the life stages of their alumni,
(2) establish and nurture trustful relations among their network members – encompassing all elements of trust (benevolence and confidence, reliability and predictability, competence, honesty, openness as well as familiarity and intimacy),
(3) initiate and continually work on a collaborative we-identity process,
(4) provide supporting structures that allow for making easy connections as well as
(5) enable self-organisation.
When these five recommendations are taken into consideration, knowledge networks have a great potential to support societal change.

The Corona pandemic has shown us more than any other recent event that when it comes to a global crisis, we are all in the same boat. In a complex world, we need cooperation to meet global challenges. Networks can provide a structure that enables cooperation and offers promises of being flexible and adaptable. This paper will focus on transnational and transdisciplinary knowledge networks formed by alumni – people who have experienced collective training at the start of their network journeys. Through this shared experience, I see a special potential for these types of networks to engage in collaborative work and create a wider impact in society. The overall question of this paper is: How can knowledge networks fully develop their transformative potential through strategic alumni management? This question is of interest to network facilitators, especially of alumni networks.
In order to address the challenge, the paper first presents findings from the alumni management literature focusing on the definition of alumni management, its relevance and the life stages of ideal alumni. This is complemented by insights from the social movement area that highlight the development paths of networks as well as the success factors for social impact networks. Empirical examples from existing alumni networks elaborate the success factors within their work. From these three areas, five recommendations are deduced. In order to foster transformation and create social impact beyond their networks, alumni networks should:
(1) align their activities to the life stages of their alumni,
(2) establish and nurture trustful relations among their network members – encompassing all elements of trust (benevolence and confidence, reliability and predictability, competence, honesty, openness as well as familiarity and intimacy),
(3) initiate and continually work on a collaborative we-identity process,
(4) provide supporting structures that allow for making easy connections as well as
(5) enable self-organisation.
When these five recommendations are taken into consideration, knowledge networks have a great potential to support societal change.

The Corona pandemic has shown us more than any other recent event that when it comes to a global crisis, we are all in the same boat. In a complex world, we need cooperation to meet global challenges. Networks can provide a structure that enables cooperation and offers promises of being flexible and adaptable. This paper will focus on transnational and transdisciplinary knowledge networks formed by alumni – people who have experienced collective training at the start of their network journeys. Through this shared experience, I see a special potential for these types of networks to engage in collaborative work and create a wider impact in society. The overall question of this paper is: How can knowledge networks fully develop their transformative potential through strategic alumni management? This question is of interest to network facilitators, especially of alumni networks.
In order to address the challenge, the paper first presents findings from the alumni management literature focusing on the definition of alumni management, its relevance and the life stages of ideal alumni. This is complemented by insights from the social movement area that highlight the development paths of networks as well as the success factors for social impact networks. Empirical examples from existing alumni networks elaborate the success factors within their work. From these three areas, five recommendations are deduced. In order to foster transformation and create social impact beyond their networks, alumni networks should:
(1) align their activities to the life stages of their alumni,
(2) establish and nurture trustful relations among their network members – encompassing all elements of trust (benevolence and confidence, reliability and predictability, competence, honesty, openness as well as familiarity and intimacy),
(3) initiate and continually work on a collaborative we-identity process,
(4) provide supporting structures that allow for making easy connections as well as
(5) enable self-organisation.
When these five recommendations are taken into consideration, knowledge networks have a great potential to support societal change.

Sustainable development requires that the climate system be stabilised between 1.5°C and 2°C of average global warming. This necessitates a drastic reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries and emerging economies are increasingly the focus here. These nations already account for two-thirds of global emissions. Failure to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement would ultimately undermine the achievement of just and sustainable global development that leaves no one behind. A development-oriented strategy that achieves the necessary reduction in emissions requires both climate change mitigation and development cooperation across policy fields. Tackling the now unavoidable impacts of climate change must also include matters related to land use, marine conservation and global trade. The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provide the necessary objectives and normative foundation for political action. Consistently implementing the objectives of both agendas is the key challenge for international policymakers, global corporations and for communities. In this context, it is necessary to keep all countries and population groups in view, aligning with the requirement of leaving no one behind. In addition to overarching approaches, individual action areas at the interface between climate policy and sustainable development are highly relevant. The most notable of these action areas are global energy production, the political design of urbanisation, sustainable agriculture, forest and ecosystem conservation, and the management of global freshwater resources. There are already many vantage points for international climate cooperation with developing and emerging countries. Their central role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement can therefore be strengthened in a sustainable manner. Provided the political will is there on the part of the partner countries and the respective national frameworks are created, the above mentioned action areas offer numerous options for intervention. This could effectively leverage the potential and experience of agents of international cooperation. The recommendations of the authors serve as examples and are spelled out in detail in the presented study.

Sustainable development requires that the climate system be stabilised between 1.5°C and 2°C of average global warming. This necessitates a drastic reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries and emerging economies are increasingly the focus here. These nations already account for two-thirds of global emissions. Failure to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement would ultimately undermine the achievement of just and sustainable global development that leaves no one behind. A development-oriented strategy that achieves the necessary reduction in emissions requires both climate change mitigation and development cooperation across policy fields. Tackling the now unavoidable impacts of climate change must also include matters related to land use, marine conservation and global trade. The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provide the necessary objectives and normative foundation for political action. Consistently implementing the objectives of both agendas is the key challenge for international policymakers, global corporations and for communities. In this context, it is necessary to keep all countries and population groups in view, aligning with the requirement of leaving no one behind. In addition to overarching approaches, individual action areas at the interface between climate policy and sustainable development are highly relevant. The most notable of these action areas are global energy production, the political design of urbanisation, sustainable agriculture, forest and ecosystem conservation, and the management of global freshwater resources. There are already many vantage points for international climate cooperation with developing and emerging countries. Their central role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement can therefore be strengthened in a sustainable manner. Provided the political will is there on the part of the partner countries and the respective national frameworks are created, the above mentioned action areas offer numerous options for intervention. This could effectively leverage the potential and experience of agents of international cooperation. The recommendations of the authors serve as examples and are spelled out in detail in the presented study.

Sustainable development requires that the climate system be stabilised between 1.5°C and 2°C of average global warming. This necessitates a drastic reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. Developing countries and emerging economies are increasingly the focus here. These nations already account for two-thirds of global emissions. Failure to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement would ultimately undermine the achievement of just and sustainable global development that leaves no one behind. A development-oriented strategy that achieves the necessary reduction in emissions requires both climate change mitigation and development cooperation across policy fields. Tackling the now unavoidable impacts of climate change must also include matters related to land use, marine conservation and global trade. The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provide the necessary objectives and normative foundation for political action. Consistently implementing the objectives of both agendas is the key challenge for international policymakers, global corporations and for communities. In this context, it is necessary to keep all countries and population groups in view, aligning with the requirement of leaving no one behind. In addition to overarching approaches, individual action areas at the interface between climate policy and sustainable development are highly relevant. The most notable of these action areas are global energy production, the political design of urbanisation, sustainable agriculture, forest and ecosystem conservation, and the management of global freshwater resources. There are already many vantage points for international climate cooperation with developing and emerging countries. Their central role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement can therefore be strengthened in a sustainable manner. Provided the political will is there on the part of the partner countries and the respective national frameworks are created, the above mentioned action areas offer numerous options for intervention. This could effectively leverage the potential and experience of agents of international cooperation. The recommendations of the authors serve as examples and are spelled out in detail in the presented study.

This article examines UN–EU cooperation over peace mediation. It compares their conceptual approaches to peace mediation and the evolution of their institutional capacities, demonstrating that the EU has learned from the UN, while actively supporting the strengthening of UN mediation capacity. The most important difference concerns the embeddedness of mediation in a broader foreign policy agenda in the case of the EU compared to the UN. The article also examines models of EU–UN cooperation in mediation practice. Drawing on an overview of cases of UN–EU cooperation, the article develops a typology of the constellations through which the two organizations have engaged with and supported each other. A case study on the Geneva International Discussions on South Ossetia and Abkhazia investigates the effectiveness of this coordination. The findings point to a high degree of effectiveness, although this has not yet translated into tangible mediation outcomes.

This article examines UN–EU cooperation over peace mediation. It compares their conceptual approaches to peace mediation and the evolution of their institutional capacities, demonstrating that the EU has learned from the UN, while actively supporting the strengthening of UN mediation capacity. The most important difference concerns the embeddedness of mediation in a broader foreign policy agenda in the case of the EU compared to the UN. The article also examines models of EU–UN cooperation in mediation practice. Drawing on an overview of cases of UN–EU cooperation, the article develops a typology of the constellations through which the two organizations have engaged with and supported each other. A case study on the Geneva International Discussions on South Ossetia and Abkhazia investigates the effectiveness of this coordination. The findings point to a high degree of effectiveness, although this has not yet translated into tangible mediation outcomes.

This article examines UN–EU cooperation over peace mediation. It compares their conceptual approaches to peace mediation and the evolution of their institutional capacities, demonstrating that the EU has learned from the UN, while actively supporting the strengthening of UN mediation capacity. The most important difference concerns the embeddedness of mediation in a broader foreign policy agenda in the case of the EU compared to the UN. The article also examines models of EU–UN cooperation in mediation practice. Drawing on an overview of cases of UN–EU cooperation, the article develops a typology of the constellations through which the two organizations have engaged with and supported each other. A case study on the Geneva International Discussions on South Ossetia and Abkhazia investigates the effectiveness of this coordination. The findings point to a high degree of effectiveness, although this has not yet translated into tangible mediation outcomes.

Nachhaltige Entwicklung bedarf einer Stabilisierung des Klimasystems zwischen 1,5°C und maximal 2°C durchschnittlicher globaler Erwärmung. Dies erfordert eine drastische Minderung der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen. Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer stehen hierbei zunehmend im Vordergrund, da sie schon heute zwei Drittel der globalen Emissionen verantworten. Werden die Ziele des Pariser Abkommens verfehlt, bleibt auch eine gerechte und nachhaltige globale Entwicklung, die niemanden zurücklässt, auf Dauer unerreichbar. Ein entwicklungsorientierter Umgang mit der Notwendigkeit drastischer Emissionsminderungen und mit den nicht mehr zu verhindernden Auswirkungen des Klimawandels erfordert eine enge und Politikfelder übergreifende Verzahnung klima- und entwicklungspolitischer Ansätze, einschließlich Landnutzung, Meeresschutz und Welthandel. Das Pariser Abkommen und die Agenda 2030 für Nachhaltige Entwicklung bieten die notwendigen politischen Handlungsgrundlagen und Zielvorgaben. Ihre konsequente Umsetzung ist die zentrale Herausforderung der Gegenwart, der sich Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft weltweit stellen müssen. Dabei sind alle Länder und Bevölkerungsgruppen im Blick zu behalten: niemand darf zurückgelassen werden („leave no one behind“). Neben übergreifenden Ansätzen sind einzelne Handlungsfelder an der Schnittstelle von Klimapolitik und nachhaltiger Entwicklung von herausragender Relevanz. Zu diesen sektorspezifischen Handlungsfeldern zählen insbesondere die weltweite Stromerzeugung, die politische Gestaltung der Urbanisierung, die Sicherung der Welternährung, der Schutz von Wäldern und Ökosystemen und der Umgang mit den weltweiten Süßwasservorkommen. Es gibt bereits vielfältige Ansatzpunkte für die internationale Klimakooperation mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. Ihre zentrale Rolle für die Erreichung der Ziele des Pariser Abkommens kann dadurch nachhaltig gestärkt werden. Soweit der politische Wille gegeben ist und förderliche Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden können, bieten speziell die oben genannten Handlungsfelder eine Vielzahl von Interventionsmöglichkeiten, um die Potenziale und Erfahrungen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit wirkungsvoll einsetzen zu können. Die Empfehlungen der Autor*innen sind dafür exemplarisch und werden in der vorliegenden Studie detailliert ausgeführt und begründet.