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Diplomacy & Crisis News

Der Westen sollte niemanden unterstützen

Crisisgroup - Tue, 01/03/2016 - 11:46
49 Prozent der Bewerber für die iranischen Wahlen sind disqualifiziert worden. Doch eine verächtliche Reaktion des Westens könnte mehr Schaden anrichten als Gutes.

One sure way to bring down Iran’s pragmatists? An ‘attaboy’ from the U.S.

Crisisgroup - Tue, 01/03/2016 - 11:12
Many in the West had hoped that the nuclear accord with Tehran would bolster the more pragmatic forces in Iranian politics that promoted it. Many in Iran, especially the country’s conservatives, feared exactly the same.

Thai elite must bridge the political divide while it still can

Crisisgroup - Tue, 01/03/2016 - 11:01
As the twilight deepens on the almost 70-year reign of Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej amid reports of his deteriorating health, the contradictions inherent in this modern, middle-class country ruled by a traditionalist elite are becoming increasingly difficult to reconcile.

Uganda: An Opposition is Born

Crisisgroup - Tue, 01/03/2016 - 10:55
Crowds queued patiently in Jinja, a sleepy town on the shores of Lake Victoria, to vote in Uganda's third multi-party elections. Prospective voters remained at polling stations, which were often little more than open grassy spaces with a tree providing shade for election staff underneath trees Like many places in the country, voting materials were delivered late several hours late. But that didn't affect the determination of millions of Ugandans to register their vote, underlining an established belief in electoral democracy as the only method to decide the political future of the country.

ELN: tan cerca y tan lejos de la paz

Crisisgroup - Tue, 01/03/2016 - 10:41
¿Cuál es la fuerza militar de esta guerrilla? ¿Cuál es su situación política? ¿Por qué el proceso de negociación es tan distinto del de las FARC? ¿Por qué ha escalado sus acciones armadas? ¿Será que pierde la oportunidad para la paz?

UN Radio podcast features Oscar-nominated film to explore refugees and migration

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 18:02
The issue of refugees and migration has risen to the top of the international community’s agenda with the massive flow of people seeking safety and new lives in Europe of late.

UN Security Council endorses cessation of hostilities pact in Syria

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
The United Nations Security Council today endorsed the joint statement announced on Monday by United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, as co-chairs of the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) Ceasefire Taskforce, on the terms of a nationwide cessation of hostilities in Syria, and demanded that the agreement take effect at midnight Damascus Syria time.

South Sudan: UN deputy humanitarian chief calls for end to civilian suffering

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
The United Nations deputy humanitarian chief today called on all parties to the conflict in South Sudan to protect civilians and grant safe and unhindered humanitarian access as she wrapped up a two-day visit to the African country.

General Assembly President announces meeting dates for UN Secretary-General candidates

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
As the process to select the next United Nations Secretary-General gets under way, the President of the General Assembly announced today that he will hold a series of informal dialogues and meetings with all potential candidates from 12 to 14 April.

Ban urges countries along Balkan route into Western Europe to keep borders open

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
Concerned with the increasing number of border restrictions along the Balkan land route, including in Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon today called on the countries to keep their borders open &#8220in a spirit of responsibility sharing and solidarity.&#8221

Fiji: UNICEF steps up response as &#39full picture&#39 of Cyclone Winston&#39s impact becomes clearer

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
As the full picture of the worst cyclone ever to hit Fiji becomes more apparent, the United Nations Children&#39s Fund (UNICEF) estimates that up to 120,000 children across the county may be badly affected.

UN rights expert urges Russia not to implement new extradition treaty with DRP Korea

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
A United Nations rights expert today urged the Government of the Russian Federation not to implement an extradition treaty signed with the Democratic People&#39s Republic of Korea (DPRK) earlier this month.

UN opens support &#39hubs&#39 to boost protection for families and children on move across Europe

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
As part of a joint effort to increase protection for the growing numbers of children and others with specific needs arriving in Europe, two United Nations agencies have agreed to set up special support centres for children and families along the most frequently used migration routes across the continent.

Security Council extends UN Guinea-Bissau office for another year

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
The United Nations Security Council today extended the mandate of the UN Integrated Peace-Building Office in Guinea-Bissau, known as UNIOGBIS, for an additional 12 months so that it can continue to assist the country in its path towards peace and reform.

UN deputy chief urges Member States to make &#39responsibility to protect&#39 a reality

UN News Centre - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 06:00
The principle of &#8220responsibility to protect,&#8221 a call for putting into action legal commitments to protect populations from atrocity crimes, has seen mixed results since its inception in 2005, the United Nations deputy chief said today, urging the international community to make the protection of populations from such heinous acts &#8220a living reality.&#8221

Against Terrorism and Migration (II)

German Foreign Policy (DE/FR/EN) - Fri, 26/02/2016 - 00:00
(Own report) - Berlin is energetically insisting on the appointment of a government of national unity in Libya in preparation for expanding two Bundeswehr missions. The future government, according to internal documents, should extend an "invitation" to the EU, to expand its Mediterranean anti-refugee defense all the way onto Libyan territory. It should set up armed forces that will be trained also by the Bundeswehr to go to war against the "Islamic State" (IS/Daesh). The USA, Great Britain, and France recently began operations ranging from air strikes to Special Forces operations, expanding the war against Daesh to Libya. However, without the ground troops, that the future Libyan government is supposed to organize, there can be no durable victory, according to military experts. While US media is speculating on the establishment of a pro-western regime in Tripoli, with the enthronement of a king, Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier is strongly insisting on the UN-constituted government of national unity being installed in office. Experts are already predicting its failure.

T. Edmunds, J. Gaskarth, R. Porter (dirs.), British Foreign Policy and the National Interest. Identity, Strategy and Security



T. Edmunds, J. Gaskarth, R. Porter (dirs.), British Foreign Policy and the National Interest. Identity, Strategy and Security, Palgrave, Londres, 2015
Le lien entre politique étrangère et intérêt national ne va plus de soi, comme on le voit aujourd’hui dans plusieurs Etats membres de l'Union Européenne où l’on rechigne à mobiliser ce dernier concept, soit par rejet explicite, soit par omission. La politique étrangère comme politique publique visant à organiser à l’extérieur la poursuite de l'intérêt national ne serait donc plus assumée comme telle. S’agit-il d’une incapacité à penser cet intérêt ? A l’assumer publiquement ? A procéder sa formulation sans rompre la cohésion entre différents cercles de décideurs ? S'agit-il plutôt d'une prise en compte des nouvelles contraintes du storytelling, qui imposent une rhétorique prudente à l'appui de son action extérieure ? En regrettant, le 5 février 2013, que l'intérêt national soit en train de « prendre le pas sur l’intérêt européen », ou en affirmant quelques jours plus tôt et peu après l'opération Serval, dans ses vœux à la presse, que la France n’avait « aucun intérêt au Mali [et ne défendait] aucun calcul économique ou politique », François Hollande illustrait en partie cette tendance, à propos d’une intervention militaire pourtant saluée internationalement comme réussie.
T. Edmunds, J. Gaskarth, R. Porter, et les auteurs rassemblés dans cet ouvrage collectif, reviennent sur ce lien entre politique étrangère et intérêt national, dans un Royaume-Uni où les interrogations publiques sur l’action extérieure sont désormais nombreuses (voir le rapport de la London School of Economics sur une « crise de confiance » de la politique étrangère britannique).
Outre plusieurs chapitres importants (celui d’Alexander Edmunds, « Organising for British National Strategy », sur les acteurs contribuant à la formulation de l'intérêt national ; celui de Helen Parr sur la guerre des Falklands), on retiendra d’abord une introduction présentant un récapitulatif utile des possibles définitions académiques de l'intérêt national, et la typologie proposée par Jamie Gaskarth dans son chapitre « The National Interest and Britain’s Role in the World ». Fondée sur la théorie du rôle en politique étrangère (perception d’un rôle spécifique par les décideurs pour leur pays), l’approche distingue les orientations possibles de ce rôle, les conceptions qui en découlent et les pratiques politiques qu’elles supposent de mettre en œuvre. Pour le Royaume-Uni, les orientations potentielles sont nombreuses : celle d’un Etat isolé, d’un partenaire régional, d’une puissance d’influence, d’un leader international responsable, d’une puissance interventionniste opportuniste, d’une grande puissance. Chacune de ces options impliquant des conceptions précises (un phare de la démocratie, un pont entre les deux rives de l’Atlantique, un allié fiable, un partenaire constructif, un garant du droit international et des droits de l'homme, un protecteur régional…), et des actions concrètes (interventions économiques sur les marchés ou militaires sur le terrain, une présence forte dans les organisations internationales, des discours diplomatiques ou des pratiques domestiques en adéquation…).  
On ne peut éviter de faire ici le parallèle avec la France, ou avec l'Allemagne, troisième membre de ce trio des puissances moyennes européennes, au sens de puissances qui, sans pour autant pouvoir prétendre à la comparaison avec les grandes puissances reconnues comme telles (les États-Unis, ou dans une moindre mesure la Chine) conservent suffisamment de ressources pour exercer une influence à l'échelle globale et non dans son seul environnement régional immédiat, sur un vaste ensemble d'enjeux, ce qui les place dans une catégorie d’influence supérieure aux puissances régionales ou aux Etats d'influence uniquement sectorielle.  
La France se voit-elle toujours comme une grande puissance ? Comme un moteur régional (en tandem avec berlin) ? Comme une puissance globale d’influence ? Un leader international responsable (membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies) ? une puissance interventionniste en dépit de ses limites de moyens ? Ou, en d’autres termes, de quel type puissance la formulation de ses intérêts nationaux est-elle le nom ? Le débat est lancé, et la comparaison britannique apportée par Gaskarth et ses collègues ne peut qu’être la bienvenue.

Humanitarian and ceasefire tracks for Syria &#39moving in the right direction&#39 &#8211 UN envoy

UN News Centre - Thu, 25/02/2016 - 22:31
International task forces established to ensure unimpeded humanitarian access and a ceasefire in Syria &#8220are moving in the right direction,&#8221 a United Nations mediator said today, ahead of a Friday deadline to accept a truce.

‘Put peace above politics,’ Ban tells leaders of South Sudan

UN News Centre - Thu, 25/02/2016 - 20:53
As part of the last day of his visit to South Sudan, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon met with President Salva Kiir, stressing the urgency of forming a Transitional Government, as well as spoke by phone with former Vice-President Riek Machar and visited a protection of civilians site.

The Brexit Summit Show

German Foreign Policy (DE/FR/EN) - Tue, 23/02/2016 - 00:00
(Own report) - Assessing the outcome of last week's "Brexit" Summit quite positively, Berlin continues to urge London to remain in the EU. In the shadow of British demands to restrict social benefits for foreigners from other EU member countries, the German government has reached its objective of significantly cutting payments of child support benefits to immigrant workers from Eastern und Southeastern Europe - with an estimated three digit millions in savings to the German budget. The other concessions to London are primarily symbolic and, therefore, without consequences. It is also not sure that they fulfill the stipulations of EU jurisprudence. According to reports, a "summit choreography" was stage-managed, to be able to sell the meager results of the meeting to the British public as the negotiating success of their prime minister: All-night debates and hectic appearances of a seemingly stressed David Cameron suggesting tough power struggles over decisions that, in fact, had long since been made. Berlin is interested in keeping Britain in the EU, primarily for military and economic reasons.

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