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The Third Wave of Democratization's international dimension connects domestic democratization processes with the global spread of democracy after 1989. How has democracy promotion, a specific international source, contributed to the Wave of Democratization? And is scholarship well equipped to study the fundamental shifts in democracy promotion caused by the Third Wave of Autocratization? This article answers these questions from two perspectives. First, it assesses the relevance, patterns and effects of international democracy promotion between 1995 and 2024. Second, it takes a meta-perspective and identifies the main characteristics and blind spots of the study of international democracy promotion. Based on these insights, the article makes a conceptual contribution by distinguishing between democracy support and democracy protection. Furthermore, it defines the international scope conditions necessary for effectively promoting democracy during periods of autocratization. Finally, it proposes a new agenda for the study of international democracy promotion after the Third Wave of Democratization.

The Third Wave of Democratization's international dimension connects domestic democratization processes with the global spread of democracy after 1989. How has democracy promotion, a specific international source, contributed to the Wave of Democratization? And is scholarship well equipped to study the fundamental shifts in democracy promotion caused by the Third Wave of Autocratization? This article answers these questions from two perspectives. First, it assesses the relevance, patterns and effects of international democracy promotion between 1995 and 2024. Second, it takes a meta-perspective and identifies the main characteristics and blind spots of the study of international democracy promotion. Based on these insights, the article makes a conceptual contribution by distinguishing between democracy support and democracy protection. Furthermore, it defines the international scope conditions necessary for effectively promoting democracy during periods of autocratization. Finally, it proposes a new agenda for the study of international democracy promotion after the Third Wave of Democratization.

The Third Wave of Democratization's international dimension connects domestic democratization processes with the global spread of democracy after 1989. How has democracy promotion, a specific international source, contributed to the Wave of Democratization? And is scholarship well equipped to study the fundamental shifts in democracy promotion caused by the Third Wave of Autocratization? This article answers these questions from two perspectives. First, it assesses the relevance, patterns and effects of international democracy promotion between 1995 and 2024. Second, it takes a meta-perspective and identifies the main characteristics and blind spots of the study of international democracy promotion. Based on these insights, the article makes a conceptual contribution by distinguishing between democracy support and democracy protection. Furthermore, it defines the international scope conditions necessary for effectively promoting democracy during periods of autocratization. Finally, it proposes a new agenda for the study of international democracy promotion after the Third Wave of Democratization.

Als in Belém die 30. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen (COP30) zusammenkam, stand der umliegende Regenwald im Mittel­punkt des Interesses. Die Tagung wurde daher auch als »Wald-COP« bezeichnet. Als eines ihrer Schlüsselprojekte initiierte die brasilianische Regierung als Gastgeberin die Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF). Es handelt sich dabei um einen Fonds für den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung bestehender Regenwälder, der auf inno­vative Weise multilaterale Zusammenarbeit durch Mischfinanzierung ermöglichen soll. Nach wie vor besteht eine Lücke zwischen der aktuellen Waldfinanzierung und dem, was erforderlich ist, um die Ziele der Rio-Konventionen von 1992 zu erreichen. Deutschland und weitere europäische Staaten haben Investitionen in den Fonds zuge­sagt und könnten dessen Umsetzung mitgestalten. Für die Waldrestaurierung bedarf es allerdings ergänzender Finanzierungsmechanismen, die ausgebaut werden sollten. Dennoch liegt nicht aller Erfolg darin, Gelder verfügbar zu machen. Mechanismen zur Waldfinanzierung müssen das Anliegen, die Kohlenstoffbindung und ‑speiche­rung in Wäldern zu erhöhen, mit Biodiversitäts- und Nachhaltigkeits­zielen in Ein­klang bringen und gleichzeitig die Rechte der lokalen Bevölkerung wahren.

Les frappes menées par les États-Unis et Israël contre l’Iran ont profondément bouleversé l’équilibre géopolitique au Moyen-Orient et au-delà. Si l’opération apparaît, sur le plan militaire, comme un succès incontestable, la véritable question concerne désormais ses conséquences politiques et stratégiques.

Quel premier bilan géopolitique de la guerre déclenchée le 28 février 2026 peut-on dresser ? Quelles dynamiques cette intervention a-t-elle déclenchées et quelles pourraient être ses répercussions à plus long terme ? De multiples dynamiques sont simultanément à l’œuvre : Washington et Tel-Aviv, qui mènent la guerre de concert, pourraient en réalité avoir des objectifs divergents à moyen et long terme. Les pays du Golfe, ciblés par l’Iran, sont hostiles à une instabilité prolongé, quel rôle pourront-ils jouer ? Les Européens de leur côté font à nouveaux preuve de division à propos du conflit. Qu’en est-il pour les autres acteurs majeurs de la scène internationale, en particulier la Russie et la Chine, partenaires de l’Iran ?

Retrouvez mon premier bilan de la situation géopolitique en Iran dans cette vidéo.

L’article Frappes sur l’Iran : un premier bilan géopolitique est apparu en premier sur IRIS.

Heute spricht 'fossilfrei' Host Wolf-Peter Schill mit Brigitte Knopf, Gründerin von Zukunft KlimaSozial, über die kürzlich vorgelegten Eckpunkte zum Gebäudemodernisierungsgesetz (formerly known as Gebäudeenergiegesetz) und die vermeintliche neue Freiheit im Heizkeller. Müssen Eigenheimbesitzer*innen ...

« Ce projet permettra d'acquérir des connaissances nouvelles et plus approfondies sur notre géologie et n'est possible que grâce à la contribution française », a déclaré le gouvernement groenlandais.

The post Paris signe un accord pour exploiter les richesses minérales du Groenland appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Rapporteur Axel Voss will brief journalists on Tuesday 10 March at 15.00 on Parliament’s proposals to protect EU creative production in the age of artificial intelligence.
Committee on Legal Affairs

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

Faute de quorum et de majorité pour élire un nouveau chef de l'État avant l'échéance constitutionnelle, la présidente du Kosovo Vjosa Osmani a signé un décret dissolvant l'Assemblée. Le pays se dirige désormais vers de nouvelles élections législatives anticipées.

- Le fil de l'Info / Kosovo Vetëvendosje, Courrier des Balkans, Kosovo, Politique

The U.S.-Israel war on Iran is testing South Asia’s energy security, remittance economies, and sectarian equilibrium — all at once.

Cette nouvelle pourrait expliquer la réticence de Kiev à autoriser les inspections de l'oléoduc Druzhba.

The post L’Ukraine peut survivre financièrement jusqu’après les élections en Hongrie, estime Bruxelles appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

Les cosmétiques ont fait l'objet de près de 4 700 alertes de sécurité des produits dans l'UE en 2025.

The post L’UE enregistre le plus grand nombre d’alertes relatives à la sécurité des produits depuis plus de 20 ans appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Die Blockade der Straße von Hormus bedroht auch Chinas Ölimporte aus dem Nahen Osten. Die Volksrepublik kritisiert den Iran-Krieg deshalb - und verweist in diesem Fall auf das Völkerrecht.

Le contrôleur européen de la protection des données souligne la nécessité de fixer des limites claires qui doivent être respectées en matière de flux de données spécifiques aux frontières.

The post L’UE doit fixer des limites claires à l’accès des États-Unis aux données des Européens, selon le contrôleur européen de la protection des données appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Discussion circles at the Dalton Junior High School, Japan. Credit: Miko Nakano

By Miko Nakano
TOKYO, Japan, Mar 6 2026 (IPS)

Around the world, conflicts often begin not with violence, but with assumptions. When people judge others before understanding them, labels replace dialogue—and division replaces trust. For young people growing up in an increasingly polarized world, learning to listen may be one of the most powerful tools for peace.

“We unilaterally assume that people we have never met are demons—and repeat the same mistakes.”

This line from the anime Attack on Titan made me stop and think. In the story, enemies who were taught to hate each other finally meet and realize they are human beings with fears, families, and dreams.

But this pattern is not fiction. Throughout history, societies have judged others before understanding them. During the Crusades, opposing sides saw each other only as threats. In modern times, media narratives and online discussions sometimes simplify complex issues into “good” versus “evil.” Once labels are applied, empathy becomes difficult.

Conversation time with children who live in the slum areas in Ghaziabad, India. Credit: Miko Nakano

Even justice systems are not immune to bias. The Hakamata case in Japan, widely reported by BBC News, raised serious concerns about how media pressure and unreliable evidence can influence judicial decisions. The case showed how justice can be compromised when assumptions take priority over careful examination of facts and individual voices. Around the world, wrongful convictions and discrimination continue to demonstrate how easily fairness can be undermined when judgment replaces understanding.

This is why SDG 16—peace, justice, and strong institutions—matters. Peace is not only about ending wars. It is about building societies where people are heard before they are judged.

Conversation about education with Yoshimasa Hayashi, Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, at the National High School Future Conference, House of Councilors Members’ Office Building, Tokyo, Japan. Credit: Miko Nakano

My awareness of this issue began in elementary school. A classmate was widely labeled as “strange,” and many students avoided her. One day, she spoke openly about the pain of being ignored. Listening to her changed my perspective. I realized how easily we can judge someone without ever asking why.

Instead of keeping this reflection to myself, I decided to take action.

In junior high school, I helped organize small discussion circles during class activities where students could share experiences of being misunderstood or judged. We created simple rules: listen without interrupting, ask questions before assuming, and respect differences. At first, conversations were awkward. But over time, students began speaking more openly. Some admitted they had judged others too quickly. Others shared experiences of feeling excluded.

These small conversations changed the atmosphere in our classroom. They did not solve every problem, but they created space for listening.

I later learned that young people around the world are doing similar work. Programs like Seeds of Peace and Generation Global bring together youth from different backgrounds to engage in dialogue across conflict lines. Their work shows that listening is not passive—it is an active form of peacebuilding.

As young people, we may not control institutions or governments yet. But we shape the culture around us every day—in classrooms, online spaces, and communities. If we normalize quick labeling and division, conflict grows. If we normalize listening, trust grows.

Building peaceful societies begins long before political negotiations. It begins when we ask “why” instead of assuming. It begins when we recognize that every person has a story that deserves to be heard.

In a world facing rising polarization and mistrust, choosing to listen may seem small. But it is not weak. It is foundational.

Peace does not start in courtrooms or parliaments alone.
It starts in conversations.

And young people are ready to lead them.

Edited by Dr Hanna Yoon

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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Excerpt:

Youth voice on SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Jugendliche vor Social-Media-Gefahren zu schützen, ist richtig. Doch sie auszusperren, ist Symbolpolitik. Europa muss endlich spürbare Plattformregulierung durchsetzen., Die Forderung nach einem Social-Media-Verbot für Kinder und Jugendliche bis zum Alter von 16 Jahren klingt erst einmal nach gesundem Menschenverstand. Wer würde nicht zustimmen, wenn es um Schutz vor Cybermobbing, sexualisierten Inhalten oder exzessiver Nutzung geht? Jedoch werden soziale Medien ...

Accelerating net-zero transitions requires deliberate governance. We examine the deliberate acceleration of net-zero transitions through a case study of California’s governance of private vehicle electrification. Our analysis integrates the literatures on policy mixes and political institutions to offer a novel explanation for how California has effectively expedited its net-zero transition to electric cars. We base our inductive analysis on evidence from 47 expert interviews conducted in 2022–23. We argue that California’s systemic acceleration capacity has two core components: first, an effective policy mix that harnesses the accelerating forces of creative destruction, and second, specific path-dependent political institutions that have enabled this respective policy mix. Together, these two components have contributed to California’s state capacity to accelerate its technology substitution pathway away from internal combustion engines. California’s climate technocracy offers critical lessons for other jurisdictions seeking to speed up similar net-zero transitions.