Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

The growing conflict in the Persian Gulf is a test for BRICS’ model of multipolar cooperation.

Dix jours après la mort de l’ayatollah Khamenei lors des frappes israélo-américaines du 28 février, l’Iran a déjà organisé sa succession en nommant un nouveau guide suprême, le fils de l’ancien dirigeant. L’hypothèse d’un effondrement rapide ou d’un changement de régime à court terme semble écartée. Par ailleurs, l’argument central de la prolifération nucléaire, invoqué pour justifier l’opération israélo-américaine, apparaît de plus en plus contesté.

La situation soulève plusieurs questions majeures : quelle place reste-t-il au droit international et qui est encore en mesure de le défendre ? Sommes-nous entrés dans un engrenage de guerre susceptible d’élargir le conflit ? Les Européens, divisés entre leurs alliances et leurs principes, peuvent-ils encore peser sur la situation ou préserver leur crédibilité diplomatique ? Plus largement, assiste-t-on à un affaiblissement durable des principes fondamentaux de l’ordre international au profit d’une logique de rapports de force ? Mon analyse dans cette vidéo.

L’article Iran : 10 jours de guerre, où en est-on ? est apparu en premier sur IRIS.

International scholarships and student visas have functioned as a narrow but vital lifeline for Afghan women.

D’un point de vue de géopolitique des médias, la République populaire de Chine (RPC) utilise ainsi son agence de presse comme un acteur géopolitique, un levier de puissance informationnelle en Afrique, participant à la visibilité des récits pro-Pékin promouvant le développement d’un Sud global. En effet, les médias ont un rôle géopolitique dans la mesure où ils peuvent influer sur les relations et rivalités entre États ou autres acteurs non-étatiques, et être instrumentalisés par ces acteurs à des fins géopolitiques. Ils sont également des reflets, puisqu’ils traitent des événements géopolitiques et en proposent des représentations, à travers les contenus qu’ils véhiculent. Ces représentations géopolitiques reflètent le point de vue des acteurs étudiés, et le récit qu’ils se font des événements ou qu’ils veulent présenter au monde.

Pourquoi et comment la Chine a-t-elle utilisé le concept de Sud global pour soutenir sa stratégie d’influence informationnelle en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone ? Et quelles sont les limites de cette stratégie ? L’étude géopolitique des récits médiatiques développés par la Chine dans cette région met en évidence une manipulation des représentations liées au Sud global, visant à couvrir les caractéristiques impérialistes de la présence chinoise dans le champ informationnel ouest-africain.

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L’article Le « Sud global » : une « couverture informationnelle » au service de l’influence médiatique de Pékin en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone est apparu en premier sur IRIS.

The annual report prepared by Eda Gemi, Research Associate, ELIAMEP and Bledar Feta, Research Fellow, Wider Europe Programme, ELIAMEP for the OECD Network of International Migration Experts offers a comprehensive and analytically rich assessment of Greece’s migration landscape during 2024–2025, a period marked by moderated inflows, administrative modernisation, and a more securitised approach to border and asylum governance.

Drawing on the latest statistical data, legislative developments, and administrative practices, the report examines how Greece’s migration system is evolving amid demographic pressures, labour market needs, and heightened scrutiny over fundamental rights compliance. The analysis captures both quantitative trends and qualitative policy shifts, providing an authoritative overview of migration flows, legal residence, asylum procedures, integration policies, labour market participation, and citizenship acquisition.

You can read the full national report about Greece here.

You can read the 2025 edition of International Migration Outlook produced by OECD here.

Key themes explored in the report

• Migration flows and asylum trends: Arrivals surged in 2024 before moderating in 2025, while asylum applications declined and recognition rates fell. Persistent backlogs and a widening gap between arrivals and returns underscore structural imbalances. The period was further shaped by allegations of pushbacks and the temporary suspension of access to asylum procedures for specific categories of new arrivals.
• Legal residence and long-term settlement: The legally residing migrant population continued to expand, reaching 916,697 persons in October 2025. Naturalisation increased, particularly among second‑generation applicants, signalling deeper settlement patterns. Yet administrative delays and reliance on temporary certificates heightened precariousness for long-term residents.
• Labour market and integration: Migrant labour participation remained strong, with unemployment among foreign nationals dropping to 9.7% in Q3 2025. Integration governance consolidated further, especially for unaccompanied minors, while increasingly linking residence and protection to labour market participation, reflecting a shift toward conditional inclusion.
• Reception, enforcement, and border management: Island reception centre populations fell sharply, indicating decongestion. At the same time, enforcement intensified, particularly in return policy, while irregular stay apprehensions declined. These developments unfolded against a backdrop of growing domestic and international scrutiny.

A governance model at a crossroads

The period 2024–2025 emerges as a transitional yet tension‑filled phase in Greece’s migration governance, marked by a structural rebalancing between administrative consolidation and intensified enforcement. While arrivals moderated in 2025 after the sharp increase of 2024, pressures on the asylum system remain substantial, reflected in expanding backlogs, declining first‑instance recognition rates, and persistent disparities between arrivals and effective returns. Administrative digitalisation, procedural streamlining, and the expansion of selected legal and investment‑based migration pathways signal efforts toward institutional modernisation and closer alignment with EU standards. At the same time, a more restrictive and securitised orientation has taken hold, exemplified by the temporary suspension of access to asylum procedures for specific categories of new arrivals and the reinforcement of return enforcement mechanisms, developments that have heightened domestic and international scrutiny, particularly in light of allegations of pushbacks and broader concerns regarding compliance with fundamental rights obligations.

The legal residence framework continues to expand quantitatively, with growth in valid permits and consolidation of long‑term settlement patterns. Yet persistent delays in residence permit renewals and reliance on short‑term certificates have increased precariousness for long‑term residents, undermining legal certainty and stable socio‑economic integration. Integration governance has strengthened institutionally, especially for unaccompanied minors and other vulnerable groups, but the growing linkage between protection status and labour market participation reflects a shift toward conditional, economically driven inclusion.

Taken together, developments during 2024–2025 point to a migration governance model at a crossroads, where selective openness and administrative modernisation coexist with deterrence‑oriented measures and heightened enforcement. The long‑term sustainability of this evolving approach will depend on Greece’s ability to reconcile control objectives with procedural safeguards, social cohesion, and the protection of fundamental rights.

The beleaguered outlet, and its founder, had been branded “extremist” in October 2025. 

Considérés comme des personnes inférieures, les Noirs ont été harcelés, persécutés, voire tués par le régime nazi. Certains sont emprisonnés, stérilisés de force. D'autres sont transférés dans les camps de concentration.

The move could aggravate one of the continent’s most pressing economic problems: over-dependence on the export of raw and minimally-processed minerals and materials.

Using institutions to remove people’s names from the West Bengal electoral roll is fraught with negative consequences.

Christopher Luxon’s government has sought to deepen relations with the Gulf states, but the PM is aware of his country’s limited influence.

By refusing to sing the Iranian national anthem, the players were labeled “wartime traitors” back home. 

The era in which the LDP was Japan’s dominant party in power was widely thought to be a thing of the past – until Takaichi. 

The world looks at the PLA maneuvers and thinks of World War 3. Taiwanese, for the most part, think: “same old, same old.”

Whether the RSP can deliver on its many promises remains to be seen. But one thing is already clear: The March 5 election has fundamentally changed Nepali politics. 

Pro-environmental behavior, such as recycling, often needs to be regular to be effective, and interventions to encourage behavioral change may therefore need to be repeated; yet, little evidence exists on the optimal time pattern and frequency of such repeated interventions. To fill this gap, we investigate the impact of mobile text reminders on households’ recycling behavior in urban Peru by randomly varying the exposure length and continuity of reminders. We find that reminders increase both the likelihood that households start to recycle and the frequency of recycling among households that already did so before the intervention. The effects are stronger when reminders are repeated over a longer period. Our findings suggest that both limited attention and habit formation matter for recycling behavior, and that low-cost mobile text reminders can effectively support regular pro-environmental behavior.

Pro-environmental behavior, such as recycling, often needs to be regular to be effective, and interventions to encourage behavioral change may therefore need to be repeated; yet, little evidence exists on the optimal time pattern and frequency of such repeated interventions. To fill this gap, we investigate the impact of mobile text reminders on households’ recycling behavior in urban Peru by randomly varying the exposure length and continuity of reminders. We find that reminders increase both the likelihood that households start to recycle and the frequency of recycling among households that already did so before the intervention. The effects are stronger when reminders are repeated over a longer period. Our findings suggest that both limited attention and habit formation matter for recycling behavior, and that low-cost mobile text reminders can effectively support regular pro-environmental behavior.

Pro-environmental behavior, such as recycling, often needs to be regular to be effective, and interventions to encourage behavioral change may therefore need to be repeated; yet, little evidence exists on the optimal time pattern and frequency of such repeated interventions. To fill this gap, we investigate the impact of mobile text reminders on households’ recycling behavior in urban Peru by randomly varying the exposure length and continuity of reminders. We find that reminders increase both the likelihood that households start to recycle and the frequency of recycling among households that already did so before the intervention. The effects are stronger when reminders are repeated over a longer period. Our findings suggest that both limited attention and habit formation matter for recycling behavior, and that low-cost mobile text reminders can effectively support regular pro-environmental behavior.

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has introduced several policy measures to better align financial markets with sustainability goals. So far, these policies have mainly aimed to improve how information on the sustainability impacts of investments is collected and transmitted. Policymakers hope that adjustments to the epistemic infrastructure of financial markets will lead to a shift in investments that translates into transformational change in the real economy. The EU’s sustainable finance policies often follow a reflexive law approach and confine themselves to setting procedural and organisational norms. This article analyses the potential and limitations of this approach and argues that sustainable finance policies must be sufficiently detailed and binding to avoid the risk, associated with reflexive law policies, of granting too much discretion to agents with vested interests detrimental to the governance aims. However, detailed and binding policies do not fully realise the advantages in dealing with highly complex and dynamic situations that are often ascribed to reflexive law policies. While sustainable finance policies that address the epistemic infrastructure of financial markets are for various reasons still important, their potential and advantages compared to other governance approaches should not be exaggerated.