Defence`s Feeds

President Alexander Lukashenko issued a decree to strip Belarusian reservist paratrooper lieutenant colonel Valeri Sakhashik and other former military personnel

TotalEnergies is currently recruiting hard, according to our information, for technical personnel for its projects in Iraq, most of which

Admiral Pierre Vandier, chief of staff of the French Navy, has outlined France's commitment to expand deployments in the Indo-Pacific in a bid to bolster regional...

US Army soldiers with the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division, also dubbed the Spartan Brigade, were recently the first to completely divest of older,...

Up to three wideband satellites will be acquired under the Skynet programme, and the Skynet Service Delivery Wrap (SDW) project will commence in 2023, according to UK...

The US Army and Microsoft are renegotiating their multibillion-dollar Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) contract after soldiers continued to experience...

Underwater robots, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), have the potential to take over lengthy and labour-intensive missions in dangerous areas from navy ship crews and special forces. As a result, the role of mobile unmanned platforms in military scenarios is becoming more and more important. But their integration into the network of surface ships, submarines, sensor nodes and surface gateway buoys is crucial. 

This requires underwater acoustic networks, as well as the capability to adapt autonomously to communication conditions, for example by switching between frequency bands and data rates, so that network assets stay connected for extensive operation times without recovery and redeployment.

A four-year EDA project known as SALSA, funded by five EDA Member States, developed a smart adaptive protocol stack for the development of flexible and self-configurable underwater acoustic networks. Launched on 30 October 2018, the final meeting took place on 25-27 October 2022. This meeting was used to reflect upon the technical achievements gained within the project, regarding the requirements set in an early stage. 

Also, strategic decisions were taken on what technical results were fit to be published in a standard.

The Netherlands was the lead nation in the project, working with Germany, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The project involved a consortium of industries and research establishments from these five Member States. In this regard, the main objectives defined for this project were linked to the development and standardisation of a protocol stack for self-configurable underwater acoustic networks that autonomously adapt to changing environmental conditions and operational needs.

NEXT STEPS ON STANDARDISATION

Under the SALSA project, work has been carried out at the two levels of the physical and the network layer. 

At the physical layer, where bits are converted into sound and vice versa, the JANUS underwater communications standard (STANAG 4748/ANEP-87) was applied for first contact, after which the more robust and flexible frequency repetition spread spectrum (FRSS) modulation was employed to enable the required heavy-duty communication in the military scenario at hand. In addition, at the network layer, the versatile gossiping in underwater mobile ad-hoc networks (GUWMANET) routing protocol was employed with the accompanying application-layer protocol generic underwater application language (GUWAL). The decisions for adaptations, and their synchronization within the network to maintain interoperability, were controlled by an adaptivity module inside the network layer.

During the implementation of the project, a successful demonstration was performed of self-configurable underwater acoustic networks in military scenarios using up to 20 network nodes.

Based on the results provided, the navies of the five EDA Member States, supported by their national research establishments, have the intention to submit a proposal for a NATO Standardisation Agreement. The consortium is still seeking for the best approach to initiate the NATO standardisation process; whether it should be extension of a current standard or a new standard, and how to keep all partners involved given that the EDA-SALSA project has now been closed.

The SALSA consortium hopes to engage in discussions on new use cases or the needs of potential clients for their adaptive underwater communication protocols. These aspects underline the high level of ambition to continue international collaboration on underwater communications as over the years a full workbench has been developed within this consortium.

Basic Rules Before Gambling

Belgium has been cleared to buy the extended-range Raytheon AIM-120C-8 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) for its fleet of Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting...

Video Games that Realistically Describe the Modern Warfare

A French military satellite communications (satcom) system will be launched in 2023.

The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) has completed the first trials of a high-powered, long-range Laser Directed Energy Weapon (LDEW) testbed at the Defence Science and...

New York: BDO's forensics boss dismissedTimothy Mohr, head of the US forensics practice at German consultancy BDO, has abruptly left

David Reaboi, a senior fellow at the right-wing Claremont Institute and highly active on Twitter, is a fierce critic of foreign influence peddling, especially when it comes to Qatar. He regularly writes, speaks and tweets to his 172,000 followers about

Behind the resounding announcement on 1 November in the British House of Commons of the legal action brought against the

Addressing parliament during a session dedicated to the national budget on 2 November, Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan spoke about the country's

Argentina's new Minister of Economy Sergio Massa will be sending a delegation to Denmark in the coming weeks to discuss

On 27 October, a London court dismissed the complaint against corporate intelligence firm Good Governance Group, G3, filed by the

The Polish government is actively looking to strengthen the country's external intelligence service, the Agencja Wywiadu (AW), which is closely involved in

According to our sources, Israeli open source intelligence, or OSINT, firm Cyberglobes recently landed a contract to supply a platform