L'Institut culturel bulgare à le plaisir d'accueillir pour la première fois l'exposition personnelle de l'artiste contemporain Rossen Markovski, intitulée Le Récit des Poissons, du 26 mars au 22 mai 2026.
L'exposition réunit 25 toiles ainsi que quelques sculptures — « empreintes de rencontres et d'amour » et inspirées par sa vie « à la lisière de la mer », selon les mots de l'artiste. Celui-ci peint de manière spontanée et expressive ; ses tableaux sont à la fois puissants et délicats, (…)
One of the biggest hidden threats to ocean health comes from biofouling — the accumulation of algae, barnacles and microorganisms on ships’ hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. Credit: Aaron Smulktis/Unsplash
By Kizito Makoye
MAFIA ISLAND, Tanzania , May 14 2026 (IPS)
Under the warm waters off Tanzania’s Mafia Island, marine scientist Asha Mgeni hovers above a coral reef she has studied for years. Small fish dart through the currents. To most divers, the reef appears pristine. But Mgeni notices something unusual.
Tucked between coral branches are invasive organisms disrupting the reef’s natural growth and species, which were not there before, she says.
“We know these reefs,” she tells IPS. “When something new appears, it stands out immediately.”
For communities along Tanzania’s coastline, coral reefs are ecological treasures. They cradle fish stocks, soften the blow of crashing waves and support coastal economies increasingly threatened by climate change and environmental degradation.
Scientists say one of the biggest hidden threats comes from biofouling — the accumulation of algae, barnacles and microorganisms on ships’ hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. For decades, ballast water was considered shipping’s main pathway for spreading invasive aquatic species. But maritime experts now say biofouling can no longer be ignored.
“Ballast water has certainly, historically at least, been considered the primary vector for IAS introductions,” says Will Griffiths, Project Technical Analyst at the International Maritime Organization. “However, the role played by biofouling in this regard has become more recognised in recent years, with some studies suggesting that in some locations, such as parts of Hawaii and New Zealand, it may have been the primary vector.”
Fish vendors wait for the arrival of the day’s catch along the shoreline in coastal Tanzania, where fishing sustains thousands of livelihoods. Marine scientists say invasive aquatic species linked to international shipping could disrupt fisheries and threaten food security for vulnerable coastal communities. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS
As global shipping expands, marine experts warn that invasive species are spreading through trade routes, disrupting ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. Scientists and regulators say biofouling can transport marine organisms and pathogens across ecosystems, threatening fisheries and coastal economies.
“It is also worth noting that biofouling can represent a great species richness in terms of species transported by ships and also, therefore, potential pathogens,” Griffiths tells IPS.
Mwanahija Shalli, a professor of Marine and Coastal Resources Management at the University of Dar es Salaam, says marine biodiversity underpins livelihoods for millions of coastal residents through fisheries and tourism.
“Invasive aquatic species threaten ecosystems and fisheries by displacing native species,” she says. “If we fail to manage biofouling, we undermine important conservation efforts.”
A broad alliance led by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is stepping up efforts to confront a major environmental threat from shipping: the spread of invasive aquatic species through biofouling.
Port and maritime officials inspect a vessel at the Port of Dar es Salaam as part of efforts to monitor the environmental risks posed by invasive marine species spread through global shipping routes. Experts say biofouling on ship hulls has become a growing threat to marine biodiversity and coastal economies. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS
Known as the GloFouling Partnerships Project, the initiative aims to help countries strengthen regulations, improve monitoring systems and build technical capacity to reduce the transfer of invasive species through international shipping. The project supports efforts to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — particularly the target to conserve and sustainably use oceans, seas and marine resources — while delivering climate benefits through improved vessel efficiency and lower emissions.
Scientists say organisms nestled on ship hulls increase drag, forcing vessels to burn more fuel and produce more emissions.
“Biofouling changes the affected ships’ hydrodynamics and increases drag, meaning there is increased fuel consumption and thus increased greenhouse gas emissions,” Griffiths says. “This can also be a major issue when fouling is on the ship’s propellers, which, due to shape, require specialist cleaning.”
He says biofouling can also interfere with vessel operations.
“There is also some anecdotal evidence to suggest fouling can cause blockages in seawater intakes, affect engine performance and even firefighting systems in extreme cases, which further increases fuel consumption,” he says.
Andrew Hume, Senior Environmental Specialist at the Global Environment Facility, says the initiative builds on earlier international efforts to control invasive species transported through ballast water.
“The GloFouling project builds on a long-standing partnership between the GEF UNDP and the IMO to address shipping impacts on the marine environment,” he says.
According to Hume, the project closes a major gap by targeting hull biofouling, another key pathway for invasive species transfer.
“Keeping ships’ hulls free from just a thin layer of slime could reduce a ship’s greenhouse gas emissions by up to 25 per cent,” Hume says.
A cargo ship enters the Port of Dar es Salaam, one of East Africa’s busiest maritime gateways. As shipping traffic increases, scientists and regulators are raising concerns about biofouling — the buildup of marine organisms on ship hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS
Marine scientists warn that invasive aquatic species can dramatically alter ecosystems, outsmart native organisms and damage fisheries that support coastal livelihoods. The issue is raising international concern as governments struggle to balance burgeoning maritime trade with the protection of ocean ecosystems. Griffiths says the international community has made substantial progress regulating ballast water through the Ballast Water Management Convention, but biofouling controls still lag behind.
“An important aspect to consider is that there is a robust international legal framework for managing ballast water, whereas at the international level biofouling provisions are, for the moment, recommendatory and only a few countries have biofouling regulations,” he explains.
Across East Africa, rising cargo traffic has increased concern about shipping’s ecological footprint. Similar efforts are underway globally. Indonesia estimates improved biofouling management could generate up to USD 7 million annually through healthier reefs, lower fuel consumption and reduced port maintenance costs.
In Peru, authorities are building a national aquatic biodiversity database to help scientists detect invasive species before they spread along the coastline.
“Collaboration in the project enabled the authorities to develop a national aquatic biodiversity catalogue providing the baseline knowledge to detect invasive species early and undertake rapid response,” Griffiths says.
In Fiji, the results are impressive.
“Fiji reported that as a result of the GloFouling dry dock training, they had improved the technical capacity of local personnel and gained access to resources to upgrade local facilities,” Griffiths says, adding that the programme had strengthened confidence among local maritime operators and enhanced Fiji’s position in the regional maritime services market
Meanwhile, Mauritius is encouraging private-sector investment in technologies designed to protect fragile marine ecosystems. Over the past six years, countries participating in the GloFouling initiative have moved toward stricter regulation and greater regional cooperation.
Australia and New Zealand have already introduced fully enforceable national regimes requiring clean hulls, biofouling management plans, record books and inspections consistent with the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines. Griffiths says Brazil has emerged as a leader among developing nations.
“Brazil is the newest and most explicit adopter, directly embedding the 2023 guidelines into mandatory port state law,” he says. “Unlike the IMO’s voluntary approach, however, Brazil sets an explicit enforceable standard: vessels must arrive with no more than microfouling.”
The project has also expanded into maritime training and private-sector cooperation. Through the Global Industry Alliance, companies are testing hull coatings and cleaning technologies to limit the spread of invasive species.
“One of the project’s most transformative impacts has been creating a collaborative platform where technology innovators, regulators and industry leaders jointly develop and implement solutions for biofouling,” Griffiths says.
The alliance, initially created to support the project, has since evolved into a permanent collaboration. Griffiths says the group is expanding research into hull inspection technologies and the environmental impacts of antifouling coatings.
“The continuation of the GIA and its ongoing studies offers exceptional value as a driving force for industry innovation, standard-setting and knowledge dissemination,” he says.
Hume says the initiative builds on earlier GEF-supported efforts that led to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. He says the programme has since helped develop the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines and supported pilot projects in 12 countries.
Hume says the GEF is preparing a second phase of investment aimed at helping more countries implement the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines and strengthen international cooperation.
“The objective is to strengthen national and institutional capacity of developing countries to implement the guidelines in order to reduce invasive species and lower greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.
A second phase of investment expected before June aims to strengthen national capacity, expand implementation and advance discussions toward a legally binding global framework on biofouling management. Although the GloFouling project officially concluded in May 2025, Griffiths says efforts are continuing through training programmes, technical studies and industry partnerships designed to maintain momentum ahead of anticipated binding international regulations by 2030.
Experts say cleaner hulls not only reduce the spread of invasive species but also lower fuel consumption and carbon emissions. However, scientists caution that poorly managed hull-cleaning practices can release chemicals and microplastics into marine environments.
Back on Mafia Island, Mgeni says the changes beneath the water are often subtle before they become irreversible.
“Once invasive species establish themselves, it becomes much harder to restore the balance,” she says.
For communities that depend on reefs for food, tourism and protection from storms, the battle against biofouling is becoming a fight to protect the ecosystems and livelihoods that depend on the ocean.
Note: The Eighth Global Environment Facility Assembly will be held from May 30 to June 6, 2026, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
This feature is published with the support of the GEF. IPS is solely responsible for the editorial content, and it does not necessarily reflect the views of the GEF.
IPS UN Bureau Report
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Les pluies diluviennes du mercredi, 6 mai 2026 ont occasionné des inondations sans précédent dans la ville de Cotonou, capitale économique du Bénin. Aux premières heures de la matinée, les fortes précipitations ont entraîné une montée rapide des eaux dans plusieurs quartiers de la ville.
De nombreux axes routiers ont été envahis, compliquant considérablement les déplacements des usagers.
Une situation rare qui a crée des désagréments avec embouteillages, ralentissements et zones difficilement praticables. Certains ont dû abandonner leurs véhicules dans l’eau.
Comme du pain béni, les activistes à la solde du pouvoir de Lomé se sont employés pour relayer en boucle les images de la désolation des Béninois dans l’eau. Pour cause. Des Togolais soucieux de la léthargie de leur pays, ont salué le travail titanesque de modernisation du Bénin réalisé par le Président Patrice Talon en deux mandats. Pour les nervis du régime, les réalisations tant vantées sont à l’eau, voilà un peu leur souffre-douleur.
Or, quelques heures après la pluie, à Cotonou, les eaux se sont retirées. Même dans des quartiers comme Sainte-Rita, où certains véhicules se sont retrouvés momentanément en difficulté, la situation est rapidement revenue à la normale. Contrairement au Togo, la situation a été relayée par les médias officiels. La réaction même des autorités a été immédiate. Face à cette situation, la mairie de Cotonou a mobilisé les équipes techniques sur le terrain, notamment dans les zones les plus touchées pour faciliter l’écoulement des eaux, désengorger les caniveaux et améliorer progressivement les conditions de circulation.
Ces interventions s’appuient sur un travail d’identification des points critiques déjà engagé dans les différents arrondissements de la ville. Au-delà de cette action immédiate, l’autorité communale a rappelé que ces épisodes mettent en lumière les fragilités structurelles de la ville et soulignent la nécessité de renforcer la résilience urbaine et l’adaptation aux défis climatiques. Il a également insisté sur l’importance de préserver et dégager les exutoires et couloirs naturels d’écoulement des eaux, afin d’éviter que de nouvelles inondations ne paralysent la capitale.
Ces pluies diluviennes rappellent, une fois de plus, l’urgence d’un urbanisme adapté à la croissance rapide de Cotonou et aux enjeux climatiques. Le maire invite les populations à limiter leurs déplacements pendant les épisodes de fortes pluies, à éviter les zones inondées et à faire preuve de prudence.
Comme dans les pays développés et qui respectent leurs populations, le Directeur Général de la Société des Infrastructures Routières et de l’Aménagement du Territoire (SIRAT) Ifesgegun Ranti Akindes, a même rencontré la presse jeudi 7 mai 2026 pour expliquer les causes de l’inondation du 6 mai 2026 à Cotonou.
«Nous avons enregistré dans la nuit du 5 au 6 mai, suivant les données de la météo, 17,3 cm d’eau sont tombés en l’espace de 3 heures. Sachez que la quantité d’eau que nous recevons dans un mois en saison pluvieuse, en moyenne, est d’environ 13 cm. Les données de 2023 que j’ai pu retrouver nous montrent une quantité d’eau de 10,5 cm sur mai-juin. Hier, c’était 17,3 cm, donc c’est beaucoup. C’est une situation assez préoccupante qui, du coup, a conduit à l’engorgement des routes par de l’eau sur une certaine durée et à des difficultés de circulation et de mobilité des populations, également à des inondations d’habitations.
Nous avons enregistré cette situation dans des quartiers tels que Sainte-Rita, Agontinkon, Yèdoko, Akogbato, Agla et d’autres secteurs d’Akpakpa. Mais c’est une situation qui, au bout de 2 heures, s’est rapidement résolue. La plupart des axes structurants étaient dégagés de toute eau en l’espace d’une heure et progressivement, l’eau s’est retirée dans la plupart des axes où des travaux ont été engagés, réalisés. Il y a des situations qui subsistent où les gens ont encore le pied dans l’eau, mais malheureusement, c’est lié soit à des travaux qui ne sont pas encore terminés, mais aussi au fait que les populations sont installées dans des zones qui sont en contrebas et dans des zones inondables de nature. Et ça, c’est des situations qu’il va falloir gérer au travers du temps où nous invitons les populations à éviter ce genre de situation et à essayer de trouver des solutions», a-t-il déclaré.
Une question se pose :Avec la quantité de pluies enregistrées à Cotonou, et si c’était à Lomé ? Les grands travaux réalisés au Bénin en l’occurrence Cotonou ne sont pas des inventions. Il s’agit d’une réalité que des Togolais dignes et aimant leur mère patrie louent avec fierté espérant un jour nouveau pour leur pays aussi. Mais lorsque face à la situation lamentable du Togo de père en fils depuis 59 ans, des gens cherchent des échappatoires pour se donner bonne conscience, c’est bien ridicule. L’évidence ne peut être niée, le Bénin avance, le Togo recule.
Kokou AGBEMEBIO
Source : Lecorrecteur.tg
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