Last Wednesday, Jean-Claude Juncker delivered his first State of the European Union (SOTEU) address. This speech – the longest since Barroso started yearly SOTEU back in 2010 – is a key agenda-setting moment for the Commission President, providing the opportunity to set out a personal vision on the major issues facing the European Union today. While most media coverage focused on how Juncker grappled with the refugee and economic crises, this post sheds light on whether and how EU environmental and climate policies figured in the address.
Looking at the environmental side of the speech is key for two reasons: first, since the very start of his Commission, Juncker has been criticised as side-lining environmental issues[1] (in his Commission’s architecture, through his continuation of REFIT, etc.). Second, with the Paris Climate Summit (COP21) only three months away, the European Union (and the Commission in particular) will have to swiftly decide whether it wishes to remain a leader on climate change – or whether it is unwilling to bear the costs associated with leadership (e.g. maintaining credibility through well-functioning internal policies, well-funded external support for developing economies etc.).
A speech exists in two forms – the planned, written words, and the actual spoken words delivered on the day. Difference between the two is common, but the delivered version trumps the written one. The two versions are widely different when it comes to Juncker’s treatment of environmental issues. Hence, Jeremy Wates (EEB) drew attention to how the strong environmental rhetoric on how “the planet we share (…) cannot cope with the use mankind is making of it”, present in the written version of the speech was not delivered. Similarly, mentions of ‘sustainability’ were left out of the spoken version. This, Wates argued, shows that the environment is simply not high enough on the Commission’s agenda – when pressed for time, Juncker had no calms remaining silent on the topic – in 9929 words, he never mentioned ‘environment’.
Yet, looking in details at what Juncker said on the Paris negotiation reveals a more complex picture. Hence, while Juncker remained silent on general environmental issues (biodiversity, sustainability, pollution etc.) he chose to speak about climate change – highlighting a narrowing down of what environmental issues are considered relevant, or highly salient by the Commission. Furthermore, Juncker did again depart from his written speech when talking about Paris, but far from toning down his environmental rhetoric, he was more frank, and crucially, more critical of EU action.
The two versions show significant overlap – links between climate change and the on-going refugee crisis, need for a binding deal in Paris – but Juncker’s written speech is much more positive on the EU’s ability to lead on climate change. Instead, the actual, delivered speech, draws attention to remaining tensions within the EU, and the need to drum up support not only outside of the EU’s borders but within them. Recognising that the EU’s contribution is “probably not enough” is also a major departure from conventional EU rhetoric of climate leadership. But what does it mean? Should we read much into it? Does it indicate a split within the Commission, which would see Juncker as the (unlikely) proponent of greater ambition – or a simple slip of the tongue?
Timing is key – Juncker said he wanted “the European Union and the Member States to be as ambitious as possible on the way to Paris”: now is the time to put these words into action. Finance ministers were asked to consider their level of climate finance on Tuesday and Environment ministers are meeting this Friday to discuss the EU’s negotiation position – we will soon find out whether Juncker and his team are serious about further ambition and tackling internal divisions.
[1] Čavoški, A. (2015) A post-austerity European Commission: no role for environmental policy? Environmental Politics, 24(3), pp. 501-505
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I have learnt with great sorrow of the horrific accident provoked by the collapse of a crane at the Grand Mosque in Mecca.
My thoughts are with the families of the victims. On behalf of the European Union, I would like to convey my sincere condolences to the bereaved families and wish a prompt recovery to the wounded.
1. The Eighth Summit between the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the European Union (EU) took place in Seoul on September 15, 2015. The ROK was represented by President Park Geun-hye and the EU was represented by Mr. Donald Tusk, President of the European Council and Commissioner Cecilia Malmström representing the President of the European Commission.
Thank you, Madam President, for your kind words and warm welcome. During challenging times, such as we are facing now in Europe with the refugee crisis, it is important to remain in close touch with old friends and resolute partners.
And, indeed, the European Union and the Republic of Korea are close. We share the same principles and hopes. And we share the same values, which lie at the heart of our strategic partnership. Europe is now this country's largest investor, helping to generate jobs and wealth here. We are working closely on shared foreign policy challenges. Together, we are breaking new ground in science and technology.
Madam President, let me touch on some of the topics we covered today that stand out for me: I was impressed with progress in relations across your region over the summer. The announcement of a new trilateral summit between Korea, China and Japan shows the efforts you have been making on this front. This endeavour will be decisive in strengthening the stability and prosperity of your region in the coming years.
I also want to congratulate you on how you helped transform the recent crisis at the border with your neighbour to the North into a settlement, which could herald positive developments. I wish you success with the family reunions' programme - the most simple but also the most evocative way to build bridges between your two countries. I also welcome efforts to have more exchanges between ROK and DPRK, and so to better cope with future stresses and strains that are sure to arise. The European Union supports a peaceful reunification of the Korean Peninsula and we really appreciate your personal engagement.
At the summit, we discussed regional issues affecting the European neighbourhood. I expressed my thanks to Korea for having voted in favour of United Nations General Assembly Resolution condemning Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Crimea. We also agreed to support full and rapid implementation of the Minsk Agreements by all sides. This also includes Russia.
We both view investing in science and technology as key to generating future jobs and growth in our economies. We have seen a major leap in exchanges of researchers, of joint projects between Korean and European institutions and the opening of new areas of cooperation, such as the commitment to work jointly on development of 5G. Today, we agreed to further strengthen our cooperation in this area.
We also agreed to explore ways to use our Free Trade Agreement to grow closer together on both trade and investment. The three framework agreements we have signed since 2010 go beyond trade, investment and economic cooperation, however. They have also opened up the possibility to work together in the political and security spheres. We have already deepened our efforts in this area since the last summit. And I was very gratified to hear today of your country's intention to expand cooperation further with us, such as in the counter-piracy operations off the Horn of Africa.
We lastly discussed in our meetings the global challenges that we face around the world. Again, we discussed solutions to better tackle those challenges, whether it be countering threats such as terrorism or climate change.
In three months, Paris will see one of the most important international events of the year: the UN climate conference, whose goal is to adopt a new climate change agreement. Climate change may put at risk not only the environment, but also prosperity, or even more broadly stability and security. To reach the deal, the European Union submitted the most ambitious contribution to date. In order to succeed, we need others, in particular major economies like the Korean, to join our lead in this process.
I end our meetings today absolutely optimistic for the future of our relations. I am confident that the friendship and strategic partnership we enjoy is expanding and deepening, and will continue to do so. Thank you, Madam President.
The "Evolution of the markets – further examination of the package” is the main topic of the agenda during the Informal meeting of Ministers of Agriculture and Fisheries, in Luxembourg.
EU Ministers for Justice and Home Affairs are meeting on 14 September 2015 in Brussels to hold a discussion on the basis of the latest information on migratory flows and the situation on the ground.
EU Ministers for Justice and Home Affairs are meeting on 14 September 2015 in Brussels to hold a discussion on the basis of the latest information on migratory flows and the situation on the ground.