Agrégateur de flux

The 500,000 signatures needed to call for a referendum to repeal the Calderoli law on differentiated autonomy, which, despite giving more power to the regions, has been criticised for potentially increasing regional inequalities, have been collected, the Italian Justice Ministry has announced.

To ensure peace and prosperity, the EU needs a so-called "common fiscal capacity", Fabio Panetta, the president of the Bank of Italy and a former member of the European Central Bank's executive board, told Italy's highest-level annual Catholic summit in the city of Rimini on Wednesday.

Sweden, Norway and Denmark want to step up regional cooperation to combat gang violence, the countries' justice ministers announced at a meeting in Copenhagen on Wednesday, as a surge in the involvement of minors in Swedish gang activity has the Nordic leaders concerned.

Austria's far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ), which opinion polls make favourite to win the country's general election on 29 September, presented its campaign manifesto on Wednesday (21 August).

The Ukraine war is a dominant issue for voters in two state elections scheduled for 1 September in the East German states of Thuringia and Saxony, despite having little sway in foreign policy, lead candidates of multiple parties said on Wednesday (21 August).

Britain's decision to issue dozens of new oil and gas exploration licences is being challenged in court by a marine conservation organisation, which argues ministers unlawfully failed to consider the impact on marine life.

The FBI earlier this month searched the homes of two Americans with ties to Russian state media, including a former United Nations weapons inspector and an adviser to Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump's 2016 campaign.

Amid a deeply divided National Assembly, France's new government leaders will face tough negotiations on the 2025 budget, with European Commission financial penalties looming if the country's public finances do not improve.

Internet personality Andrew Tate's home near Bucharest was raided by law enforcement on Wednesday (21 August), a Reuters witness said, as Romanian police launched four searches in an investigation into crimes including human trafficking and sex with a minor.

Americas X-Bow Systems announced that it has completed the preliminary design review of its solid fuel hypersonic booster rocket engine. The New Mexico-based defense tech company reported that completion of this phase marks the second major technical review for the program, demonstrating design maturity and reduced risk for critical technologies. X-Bow is on track for the next major review of its hypersonic rocket motor, the critical design review, which typically indicates the end of architecture and system design. The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) has successfully deployed a new training capability known as ‘Simulators at Sea’ aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72). This innovative system allows aviators across the carrier’s air wing to train together in advanced simulators, even while deployed. Previously, joint mission training on this scale was significantly limited due to the risks involved in practicing wartime scenarios, the high cost of flight operations, and the potential for exposing tactics to adversaries. Simulators at Sea offers a safer and more efficient alternative, enabling aviators to rehearse naval missions, including complex wartime scenarios, without leaving the ship. Middle East & Africa The US State Department has approved a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Tunisia of […]

US vice-president and Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris has pledged to fight "price gouging" on grocery shelves, and the EU wants fairer pay for farmers as experts call for more transparency in the food chain.

The European Central Bank (ECB) is a powerhouse in the EU, wielding influence over financial supervision, foreign exchange reserves, and economic forecasts. The ECB’s main goal is to keep inflation at 2% by adjusting interest rates. Its massive quantitative easing program from 2015 to 2022 aimed to tackle low inflation with trillions of euros.

Why bringing jobs back to the United States requires letting in more foreign workers.

CH-47Fs take off (click to view full) DII FOCUS articles offer in-depth, updated looks at significant military programs of record; this FOCUS Article covers the CH-47F/MH-47G Chinook helicopter programs, in the USA and abroad. These helicopters’ distinctive “flying banana” twin-rotor design stems from the brilliant work of aviation pioneer Frank Piasecki. It gives Chinooks the ability to adjust their positioning very precisely, while carrying a large airframe whose load capacity has made it the world’s most popular heavy-lift helicopter. The USA expects to be operating Chinooks in their heavy-lift role past 2030. The CH-47F looks similar to earlier models, but offers a wide range of improvements in almost every aspect of design and performance. While the related HH-47’s $10-15 billion CSAR-X program win was terminated, delivery orders continue for CH-47Fs and for MH-47G Special Forces configuration helicopters. International orders or formal requests have also come in from Australia, Britain, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the UAE, with India and other countries expected to follow. The New Chinooks: CH-47F, MH-47G, HH-47 CH-47F Family: Initial Improvements CH-47D Chinooks (click to view full) These new aircraft are part of the U.S. Army Cargo Helicopter Modernization Program, but they are based on a […]

Les Écologistes et les Insoumis lancent jeudi avec leurs universités d'été la rentrée politique, un cru 2024 qui sera marqué par la volonté de la gauche d'imposer sa candidate, Lucie Castets, à Matignon.

La semaine touche à sa fin, annonçant l’arrivée week-end. Mais avant de planifier vos activités pour cette fin de semaine, il est important de se […]

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Summary and Key Points: In a recent public speech, Donald Trump mentioned the "F-32" while discussing U.S. military aircraft. Although there is no such aircraft as the F-32, it seems he was likely referring to the F-22 Raptor.

-The confusion might stem from the existence of the Boeing X-32, which competed against the Lockheed Martin X-35 in the Joint Strike Fighter competition.

-The X-32, now being restored for display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force, was part of the competition that ultimately led to the F-35 Lightning II. The mix-up highlights the complexity and occasional confusion surrounding military aircraft designation systems.

What Did Donald Trump Mean By F-32? Probably Not the X-32, but he Wasn't Completely Wrong

Former President Donald Trump was on the stump on Wednesday and while talking about national security, stated that the United States military has some of the most advanced hardware in the world. He mentioned the F-16 and F-35 –referencing of course the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning. But then the GOP presidential nominee added the F-32, an aircraft that doesn't exist (and before you say X-32, I'll get to that).

In fairness, it was an off-the-cuff remark by Trump, who has become infamous for off-the-cuff remarks. President Joe Biden and former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama were no strangers to similar verbal gaffes, so perhaps Trump should be forgiven.

He almost certainly meant to say F-22, as in the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor air superiority fighter

Yet, soon after Trump made the remarks, he received a fair share of mockery – with Sarah Sicard who previously contributed to the Military Times, Defense News, and Task & Purpose stating on X, "Ah yes, the F-32­so stealthy that there's no record it exists."

Not So Fast – Let's Talk About the X-32

Here is where this story gets a little more confusing because there actually was an X-32 – which is the aircraft that lost the Joint Strike Fighter competition to the Lockheed Martin X-35. Trump's supporters on social media were quick to respond to those calling out the former president to clarify that point.

Now we shouldn't expect Trump to know much about the X-32, as he's not shown himself to be a huge aviation buff – but it should be noted that just days before Trump made his comment about the F-16, F-35, and F-32, The National Interest's own Brent M. Eastwood wrote a piece that noted how the "Boeing X-32 competed against the Lockheed Martin X-35 to become the next Joint Strike Fighter but ultimately lost."

As Eastwood added, Boeing developed two prototypes – which were used to showcase the aircraft's speed, weapon capacity, and vertical take-off/landing capabilities.

Moreover, this reporter reported back in December of last year that one of those prototypes is now undergoing restoration at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB), Dayton, Ohio.

The museum received the aircraft in 2005, and it could be put on public display sometime next year—a welcome addition to its already impressive aircraft collection. The X-32A is expected to be placed in the Maj. Gen. Albert Boyd and Maj. Gen. Fred Ascani Research and Development Gallery, which is home to such unique aircraft as the sole surviving North American XB-70A Valkyrie, one of the two existing Avro Canada VZ-9AV Avrocars, and the second prototype Lockheed YF-12A Mach 3 interceptor.

The Messed-Up Number System

So was Trump discussing the X-32 when he said F-32 – no, he likely wasn't. As noted, he probably meant F-22. But it is easy for those who aren't huge aviation buffs to keep this straight. It is made confusing by the fact that designation and number system began anew in the 1960s under Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara who was frustrated by the different systems employed by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Air Force.

That resulted in further confusion largely until the arrival of the "teen series" in the 1970s – but clearly we've skipped more than a few numbers along the way.

AerospaceWeb.org tried – in vain – to get to the bottom of this jump from F-22 to F-35. While there was the Northrop YF-23 Black Widow II that competed against the YF-22, and there is speculation the JSF was to have been the F-24, the best answer is that some of the numbers "could have been the title of a design study." 

So in conclusion: There isn't an F-32, although there was an X-32. And the number systems didn't just confuse Secretary McNamara six decades ago, they confuse us today.

Author Experience and Expertise: Peter Suciu

Peter Suciu is a Michigan-based writer. He has contributed to more than four dozen magazines, newspapers, and websites with over 3,200 published pieces over a twenty-year career in journalism. He regularly writes about military hardware, firearms history, cybersecurity, politics, and international affairs. Peter is also a Contributing Writer for Forbes and Clearance Jobs. You can follow him on Twitter: @PeterSuciu. You can email the author: Editor@nationalinterest.org.

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