Agrégateur de flux

 

Megatrends Afrika (MTA): Mr Sall, do you think the German view of Africa has changed over the five years you have been here, and how do you perceive the German debate on Africa in general?

H.E. Cheikh Tidiane Sall (CTS): We can indeed speak of a certain evolution over the last ten years. I think this first evolution became visible under Angela Merkel, especially with the launch of the G20 Compact with Africa (CwA) in 2017. Before that, Africa was not really high on the agenda of the German government, at least not at the level of the Federal Chancellery.

So there has been a positive development on the part of the German government, which has also been reflected in high-level visits to certain African countries. As far as Senegal is concerned, I can mention the visit of President Frank-Walter Steinmeier in February 2022. Three months later, we welcomed Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz, not forgetting the visit of his predecessor Angela Merkel in August 2018. For me, this is a very good indicator of Germany's growing interest in Africa.

MTA: Do you feel the same way about public debate or the media?

CTS: Unfortunately, we're seeing a very slow evolution. Up to now, the public debate in Germany has been dominated by clichés: Africa is the continent of problems, immigration, war, hunger and so on. I'd like to see a positive change in German opinion and media, one that reflects the reality of African countries. Africa is fifty-four countries. It's a very, very big continent. There are different developments and situations from one country to another.

I've noticed that the German public is hardly aware of what has happened economically in recent years. For example, these past years, the countries with the highest growth rates in the world were in Africa. Senegal has recorded an average growth rate of more than 5% since 2014 – whereas here in Europe, and even in Germany, we see rates that are not far from zero, or even negative. I take the example of Senegal, but there are other countries that have introduced reforms and are experiencing economic growth, even if they are still in the category of a developing country. Public opinion regarding the African continent still needs to change.

One way of doing this is to increase the number of high-level official visits. The German Chancellor's visit to Senegal attracted a lot of attention from the public and especially from the business community. These visits will enable us to make many more contacts, to develop cultural exchanges, economic exchanges in the private sector and between governments. I think there is a lot of work to be done on both sides so that public opinion can really let go of preconceived notions from twenty or thirty years ago. Sometimes it's easier for the public to cling to stereotypes than to try to understand what's really going on in our countries. And the media has a central role to play in changing attitudes and understanding the very positive dynamics at work on the African continent.

MTA: Looking at West Africa, which developments are not sufficiently taken into account in Germany and Europe?  What should Germany pay more attention to?

CTS: In West Africa today, we have a young generation that is quite well educated and, above all, well informed. In our democracies, the role of public opinion means that even our own governments can no longer behave as they did in the past, because we have a very strong civil society and committed young people. This is also the case in Senegal. I even have the impression that our young people are more politicised than young people in Germany, and they are extremely demanding. Our governments can no longer ignore this. We have a very young population: 75% are under 35. That's why the decision-making process in our countries has changed. When we talk about migration, for example, we have to be much more careful because public opinion is watching every action.

Another example: shortly after the invasion of Ukraine, some Senegalese made it clear that "this is not our war", that the government should not get involved, that it should remain neutral. We are a democracy, a democracy of opinion. Our presidents are elected every five years and they take opinion into account. Just like the leaders here in Germany.

MTA: A thorny issue between Europe and Africa is migration policy: Europe's desire to tighten controls, prevent illegal migration and send back citizens from countries like Senegal. What proposals and solutions do you think would help to overcome these differences?

CTS: The debate on migration in Europe needs to be more rational. I think there is too much passion in the debate. In 2021, the Institut Montaigne published an interesting study which concluded that only a very small minority of African migrants arrive in Europe. Most African migrants therefore remain on the continent. Many Senegalese go to Gabon, Gambia and the Ivory Coast, while others try to reach the United States of America or certain Gulf countries. All in all, it's really a tiny minority who come to Europe. I think there is a lot of work to be done at the level of European public opinion to deconstruct this idea that Africans are going to invade you. As for those who stay, we must give them the chance to succeed at home, which we have launched a Senegalese-German project called "Réussir au Sénégal" ["Succeeding in Senegal"]. This project is all the more important because we know that not everyone can succeed in Europe.

The other thing we have to think about is the conditions for regularisation in Germany. Some people have to wait five or ten years to be regularised, even if they speak the language well and are trained in professions where there is a shortage of labour. President Macky Sall has been very clear on this point: those who really cannot be regularised in Germany will be taken back here without any problem. But this migration policy must have two pillars: regularisation of those who meet the criteria and dignified return of those who want or need to return to Senegal.

MTA: Another current issue is energy, which is a priority sector for cooperation between Germany and Senegal. For about ten years now, German-Senegalese cooperation has been aimed at supporting the transition to renewable energies. More recently, the German government has expressed interest in importing Senegalese gas, which is due to come on stream in 2024. How does this fit in with your own energy supply objectives?

CTS: There's no contradiction with our objectives. We still have heavy fuel oil power plants, which are much more polluting. The objective of the Senegalese government is to replace these plants, hence our gas-to-power strategy. Senegal has already invested heavily in renewable energy, with photovoltaic and wind farms, but this will not be enough as part of our industrialisation policy. In our drive to create a competitive industry, access to electricity and affordable prices remain key challenges. Incidentally, I see that the same energy price debate is now taking place in Germany: Should industry and businesses benefit from a specific advantageous price? Our government believes that to be competitive, electricity must be available at all times and at an affordable price.

We will increase the share of renewable energy in our energy mix from 31% to 40% by 2030. This is part of the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) that Senegal signed with its G7 partners in June 2023. Funding has been pledged by donors. At the same time, Senegal does not want to add to its debt. That's why we prefer grants and concessional loans. The idea is that our countries should not have to increase debt to comply with the Paris climate agreement.

This raises the question of how to finance the energy transition. In fact, the risk of investing in Africa is exaggerated by the rating agencies, which puts a strain on the possibilities of European financing, compared to financing from certain Asian countries that comes at concessional rates and with longer repayment periods. As a result, electricity produced by hydropower plants financed by European funds could be more expensive than that energy produced by different plants financed by other countries. African governments and the German government must therefore work to modify these rules. Otherwise, Western financing will not be competitive.

MTA: Which brings us to the last question: what do you expect from Germany's future policy in the region? How should it develop if Germany wants to be a strong and, above all, credible partner?

CTS: Germany has a very good reputation for the quality of its products. Germans are seen as rigorous and serious. Germany must make good use of this asset and be a driving force behind Europe's Africa policy.

President Macky Sall often says: "We want trade, not aid". He talks about partnership. We can all be winners. It's possible. In a few years, Africa will be the biggest market in the world. Its middle class is growing. In my opinion, German partners should not wait any longer, but get on this train, which is now leaving, and grab a seat while there is still time. It's about cooperation, working together, as you say: "auf Augenhöhe" ["at eye level"]. I often tease my German friends that they have a habit of saying "Das ist so" ["That's the way it is"], which locks them into options that can prevent compromise. I say "Nein, das ist nicht so" ["No, it's not like that"], because you don't know exactly what's going on in our countries. It's about listening, listening to each other and respecting each other.

Sure, there are problems, but West Africa is not just a few countries plagued by unconstitutional changes or hit by terrorism. And who would have thought that there would be another war in Europe in 2022? Nobody! No country is immune. We should support democratic countries and regimes in our own countries, because democracies are threatened everywhere, even here in Germany. Last year there was an attack on the Bundestag. On 6 January 2021 we saw what happened in the American Congress. Countries like Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger must be supported, otherwise there is a risk that anti-democratic forces will triumph. Overall, Germany is on the right track, but we need to move faster. To this end, the German authorities can increase the number of meetings, invite African leaders to make official visits to Germany and visit our countries to better understand the realities on the ground. Parliamentarians must also make a much greater effort to reach out to decision-makers and ambassadors based in Berlin and, above all, to listen to them. Africa has a lot of respect for Germany, but this must be preserved.

H.E. Cheikh Tidiane Sall is the Ambassador of Senegal to Germany. He took up his duties on 28 August 2018.

This interview was conducted on September 8th, 2023. Responsibility for the content, opinions expressed and sources used in the articles and interviews lies with the respective authors.

Am Donnerstag spricht Irene Shashar, eine Überlebende des Warschauer Ghettos, anlässlich des Internationalen Holocaust-Gedenktags vor dem Plenum des Europäischen Parlaments in Brüssel.

Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2024 - EP

On Thursday, Irene Shashar, a survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, addressed MEPs in a plenary session in Brussels to commemorate International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

On Thursday, Irene Shashar, a survivor of the Warsaw ghetto, addressed MEPs in a plenary session in Brussels to commemorate International Holocaust Remembrance Day.

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

En Afrique, nombreux sont ces éleveurs qui se penchent plus pour les poulets de chair. Les poulets de chair sont encore appelés « poulets à frire ou à griller » désignent des poulets spécialement élevés pour leur viande et leur croissance rapide.

From 31 January 2024, certain goods coming from the EU to Great Britain – particularly fresh foods – will be subject to full Brexit border controls and checks for the first time, meaning extra paperwork, delays, and costs.

The UK government had previously delayed the new Brexit controls five times, concerned about the impact on British businesses.

Since Brexit, the EU already has border controls and checks for imports from Great Britain.

But this doesn’t affect Northern Ireland. Why? Because uniquely Northern Ireland is still in the EU’s Single Market for goods.

Following the Northern Ireland Protocol, amended by the Windsor Framework which came into effect on 1 October 2023, Northern Ireland exclusively enjoys full market access to both GB and the EU.

Whilst England, Scotland and Wales must endure Brexit border controls for goods exported to, and imported from the EU, those controls don’t apply to Northern Ireland.

Last February, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak waxed lyrical about the benefits to Northern Ireland of being in the EU’s Single Market for goods.

Speaking at the Coca-Cola factory in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, Mr Sunak said his new post-Brexit deal put Northern Ireland in an “unbelievably special position”.

The Prime Minister said the new Windsor Framework meant creating “the world’s most exciting economic zone” with international companies “queuing up to invest” in the region.

Mr Sunak said the Windsor Framework means, “Northern Ireland is in the unbelievably special position – unique position in the entire world, European continent – in having privileged access, not just to the UK home market, which is enormous… but also the European Union Single Market.”

“Nobody else has that. No one,” said Mr Sunak. “Only you guys: only here, and that is the prize.”

So enthusiastic was Mr Sunak in his talk to workers in Northern Ireland about the benefits of the EU Single Market that anyone would think he’s an ardent Remainer.

But of all the post-referendum Tory Prime Ministers, Mr Sunak is the most Brexity.

After his effervescent Single Market promotional talk in Northern Ireland, Downing Street was at pains to point out that his comments should not be seen as endorsing EU Single Market benefits for the whole of the UK.

The PM’s spokesman said the British people had made their decision in the referendum in 2016, but Northern Ireland needed access to both the UK and EU markets because of the Good Friday Agreement and “to avoid a border on the island of Ireland, which nobody wants to see.”

Can you spot the flaw?

Mr Sunak wildly enthusing about Single Market benefits for Northern Ireland, but not endorsing those same benefits for the rest of the UK, which must suffer detrimental barriers to trade with the EU, our biggest export and import market in the world.

This all goes to show that Brexit really is bonkers.

• 1-minute video: Why Brexit is bonkers

• Related post:  New Brexit border controls

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The post Why Brexit is bonkers appeared first on Ideas on Europe.

On Wednesday, Budgets and Budgetary Control Committee MEPs will quiz commissioners Hahn, Reynders and Schmit about the partial release of previously frozen funds to Hungary.
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Budgetary Control

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

On Wednesday, Budgets and Budgetary Control Committee MEPs will quiz commissioners Hahn, Reynders and Schmit about the partial release of previously frozen funds to Hungary.
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Budgetary Control

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

On Wednesday, Budgets and Budgetary Control Committee MEPs will quiz commissioners Hahn, Reynders and Schmit about the partial release of previously frozen funds to Hungary.
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Budgetary Control

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

On Wednesday, Budgets and Budgetary Control Committee MEPs will quiz commissioners Hahn, Reynders and Schmit about the partial release of previously frozen funds to Hungary.
Committee on Budgets
Committee on Budgetary Control

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Multiplication des violations du droit à la liberté d’expression et à l’accès à l’information, banalisation de la répression, gestion autoritaire de l’espace public, rumeurs de scandales financiers… La junte guinéenne s’éloigne de ses premières promesses de changement et de promotion des valeurs démocratiques. Au point de semer le doute sur le respect du calendrier de la transition.

En février 2023, Mamadi Doumbouya, le chef de la junte guinéenne affirmait solennellement son engagement à « rendre le pouvoir aux civils à l’issue de la transition, fin 2024 ». Celui qui a renversé le pouvoir du président Alpha Condé, le 5 septembre 2021, précisait alors : « Nous allons bien sûr organiser la transition mais nous ne ferons pas partie de l’après-transition. Pour nous, c’est clair et ça doit l’être ». Ces propos, souvent réitérés, ont contribué à présenter, aux yeux de l’opinion, la situation en Guinée, depuis le putsch de 2021, comme une « exception », en comparaison avec les juntes du Mali et du Niger, soupçonnées de vouloir prolonger indéfiniment leur séjour au sommet de l’Etat. D’ailleurs, pour signifier sa démarcation programmatique à l’égard de ses « frères d’armes »maliens et burkinabè, tout en exprimant sa solidarité envers eux, le CNRD (Comité national du rassemblement pour le développement, organe dirigeant de la junte guinéenne), avait, au début de l’année 2023, courtoisement signifié son refus d’adhérer au projet d’une « fédération » réunissant les trois pays. Ainsi, quelques mois plus tard, la Guinée prendra définitivement ses distances avec la création de l’Alliance des Etats du Sahel (AES), réunissant le Mali, le Burkina Faso et le Niger,dirigés par des régimes issus de putschs.

Vague d’arrestations de journalistes, restriction d’accès à Internet…

Mais, si le CNRD n’a cessé de multiplier les gages d’un respect du calendrier de la transition devant déboucher, en 2024, sur des élections et un retour à un régime civil, l’opinion a commencé à exprimer ses doutes depuis le deuxième semestre 2023. Premier signal embarrassant, l’évocation, par les autorités, du budget du programme des activités menant à la fin de cette transition. Quelque 600 millions de dollars sont attendus de divers partenaires, sans que l’on sache réellement le contenu précis du cahier des charges etles sources escomptées de financement. Où en est le gouvernement, huit mois après l’énoncé de ce chiffre ? En réponse à cette question, le porte-parole du gouvernement, Ousmane Gaoual Diallo, s’est contenté de déclarer récemment : « Je n’ai pas les détails des contributions, puisque ce n’est pas de mon niveau, mais je sais quand même que les Etats-Unis, l’Union européenne, et d’autres partenaires ont commencé à mettre quelque chose ». Rien de bien précis, donc. Alors que les opérations de recensement de la population ne sont pas encore programmées, difficile, à l’heure actuelle, de déceler les signes d’un chantier d’achèvement de la transition. Difficile aussi d’avoir la moindre indication de calendrier pour le référendum constitutionnel prévu, ou encore la probable adoption d’un nouveau code électoral… En attendant, le gouvernement semble regarder ailleurs, insistant davantage sur ses projets de construction d’infrastructures afin de « marquer son passage » auxcommandes de l’Etat. De plus, le pouvoir souhaiterait voir la conclusion des procédures judiciaires en cours à l’encontre de certaines figures du régime renversé. Sans compter cette antienne de « refondation de l’Etat », inscrite dans son programme d’actions et dont nul ne saurait aujourd’hui cerner les contours et moins encore l’agenda. D’autant que l’on se demande toujours s’il est du ressort d’un régime de transition de refonder l’Etat…

Particulièrement inquiétant, le raidissement de l’Etat envers les espaces d’expression des libertés individuelles et collectives. Arrestations et incarcérations de journalistes, fermetures, suspensions et brouillages de médias -presse écrite et audiovisuelle-, restriction de l’accès à Internet, contrôle et contraction du territoire d’activité des partis politiques… Toutes choses aux antipodes de la profession de foi formulée par la junte après son putsch contre un régime liberticide et massivementdécrié. Aux journalistes protestant le 18 janvier dernier contre les atteintes à l’exercice de leur métier, le pouvoir a réagi par une vague d’interpellations et une brutalité pleinement assumée. Ce bras de fer entre les professionnels des médias et les autorités de la transition met en relief le refus de toute forme de contestation par la junte, qui a interdit les manifestations revendicatives depuis 2021. Elle avait dans le même temps prononcé la dissolution du Front national pour la défense de la Constitution (FNDC), qui fut le fer de lance de la vague de protestation contre le régime déchu du président Alpha Condé. La dissolution de cette coalition militante aura été l’une des premières erreurs politiques du CNRD. En prenant cette décision, les militaires transformaient un allié objectif de leur putsch en un adversaire de fait…

Mêmes causes, mêmes effets…

Mi-janvier 2024, face au Syndicat des professionnels de la presse de Guinée (SPPG) qui, en même temps que les ambassadeurs accrédités dans le pays, en appelait à la « libération des médias et réseaux sociaux », les autorités ont justifié ces mesures par des « problèmes sécuritaires », sans pour autant en préciser la nature… Déjà, en décembre 2023, Amnesty International avait relevé, dans un rapport,« la multiplication et la banalisation des violations du droit à la liberté d’expression et à l’accès à l’information par les autorités de transition ». Selon cette organisation, les actions de la junte guinéenne « perpétuent et aggravent une situation à laquelle elle affirmait vouloir remédier lors de sa prise de pouvoir ». Selon Samira Daoud, directrice régionale du bureau d’Amnesty International pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre, « les violations du droit à la liberté d’expression sont désormais permanentes, et s’ajoutent à celles du droit de réunion pacifique entre autres. Les autorités guinéennes ont choisi de tourner le dos aux droits les plus élémentaires garantis par le droit international, que la charte de la transition signée le 27 septembre 2021 par le chef de l’État prétendait pourtant défendre ».

Jusqu’à récemment encore, le pouvoir militaireguinéen avait subtilement choisi de gérer la transition en s’assurant la prudente bienveillance -à défaut d’un soutien affirmé- de ses principaux partenaires extérieurs. Mais, à présent, nombre d’observateurs et diplomates n’hésitent plus à exprimer leur préoccupation à l’égard des dérives et abus du CNRD. Le goût de plus en plus affiché du président Mamadi Doumbouya pour les attributs de sa fonction, les rumeurs de scandales financiers dans les cercles du pouvoir, l’affirmation d’une gestion autoritaire de l’espace public… Des tendances lourdes qui ne permettent pas d’entrevoir une issue sereine et consensuelle au processus de transition dans les délais attendus…

Toutefois, mis à part les arguments, voire les prétextes d’ordre budgétaire ou logistique, de quelles justifications pourrait user le CNRD pour prolonger la transition au-delà des délais consignés ? Au sein de ce régime, pas de discours « souverainistes », d’arguties « néo-panafricanistes » ou d’odes russophiles pour transformer le coup d’Etat en une rupture systémique, comme chez les voisins du Mali, du Burkina Faso et du Niger. Pas de crise sécuritaire, non plus, pour justifier -fallacieusement- une prolongation de la période de transition. On pourrait alors redouter que la junte guinéenne, succombant à la funeste logique du report de la fin de la transition, n’ait d’autre choix que de recourir aux mêmes méthodes qu’elle disait combattre en commettant son coup d’Etat : une campagne de répression soutenue pour dissuader toutes les velléités de contestation. Ce serait oublier qu’ici, en Guinée, les mêmes causes pourraient fatalement produire les mêmes effets. Les forces contestataires et les déçus du putsch de septembre 2021 pourraient, par des moyens encore insoupçonnables, mettre fin à ce régime qui aura foulé du pied ses propres promesses de changement et de promotion des libertés démocratiques. Ces libertés que nombre de Guinéens tentent sans relâche de conquérir depuis plus d’une décennie, souvent au péril de leur vie. Il est, peut-être, encore temps, pour les membres du CNRD de tirer les enseignements utiles de cette aspiration constante et irréductible de leurs concitoyens…

Publié par LSi Africa.

En France, 142 500 demandes d’asile ont été enregistrées en 2023, soit une augmentation de près de 9 % par rapport à 2022, a indiqué mardi l'Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides, qui précise que cette hausse reste "nettement inférieure à la moyenne européenne".

Dauer des Videos : 41'

Haftungsausschluss : Die Verdolmetschung der Debatten soll die Kommunikation erleichtern, sie stellt jedoch keine authentische Aufzeichnung der Debatten dar. Authentisch sind nur die Originalfassungen der Reden bzw. ihre überprüften schriftlichen Übersetzungen.
Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2024 - EP

Length of video : 41'

Disclaimer : The interpretation of debates serves to facilitate communication and does not constitute an authentic record of proceedings. Only the original speech or the revised written translation is authentic.
Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

What will happen to Ukrainian refugees if they want to stay permanently in the EU countries in which they have been given refuge? Are they free to choose?

Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2023 - EP

Parliament wants to update the EU Stability and Growth Pact to allow EU countries more flexibility in how they manage their budget deficits and debt levels.

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Parliament wants to update the EU Stability and Growth Pact to allow EU countries more flexibility in how they manage their budget deficits and debt levels.

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Source : © Union européenne, 2024 - PE