Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

Collectivités locales : l'exécutif en quête d’un nouveau rapport de force ? Trois questions à Jean-Bernard Auby Institut Montaigne jeu 26/10/2017 - 09:48

La politique d’Emmanuel Macron à l’égard des collectivités locales est difficile à appréhender.

Many view development co-operation as a key to reducing irregular migration from sub-Saharan Africa. However, critics note that increased socio-economic development is likely to lead to more, rather than less, migration. Historical and cross-country comparison studies have shown that emigration initially increases when economic growth and rising income levels enable countries to emerge from the status of a low-income country. Only when the status of upper middle-income country has been achieved can a decrease in international migration be anticipated. Known as a “migration hump”, this correlation between development and migration also applies for sub-Saharan Africa. However, it cannot be explained solely by rising incomes and increased education. It is also driven by other factors, including demographic transition, changes in economic structures, emulation effects in migration processes, rising inequality, credit restrictions and the lowering of migration barriers.
The implication that positive socio-economic development in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa would inexorably lead to an increase in irregular migration to Europe is therefore an oversimplification. Irregular migration in particular is not driven by economic motives alone. Instead this is an example of so-called “mixed migration”, in which the drivers of voluntary and forced migration blend together. Factors such as corruption, weak rule of law, human rights infringements and fragile statehood are key drivers here.
Development co-operation cannot hinder migration, due also to the fact that Africa’s development is not solely dependent on it. Instead, development policy co-operation with sub-Saharan Africa should focus on promoting orderly, safe and legal migration, which in turn offers positive development potential while working to prevent forced and irregular migration. Specific development policy measures should therefore include:

• Migration processes influenced by development policy: The opportunities for regular migration to Germany and Europe need to be expanded and ac¬companied (for example via qualification measures).
• Support for intraregional migration: The efforts of the African regional organisations to control intraregional migration – which constitutes a large portion of migration movements – should be supported.
• Prevention of brain drain: The emigration of skilled personnel required in the countries of origin should be managed via targeted investment in training partnerships in specific sectors.
• Promotion of good governance, democracy and rule of law: Development policy measures in this area can make a key contribution to reducing human rights violations, and therefore decrease drivers of flight and forced displacement.

Many view development co-operation as a key to reducing irregular migration from sub-Saharan Africa. However, critics note that increased socio-economic development is likely to lead to more, rather than less, migration. Historical and cross-country comparison studies have shown that emigration initially increases when economic growth and rising income levels enable countries to emerge from the status of a low-income country. Only when the status of upper middle-income country has been achieved can a decrease in international migration be anticipated. Known as a “migration hump”, this correlation between development and migration also applies for sub-Saharan Africa. However, it cannot be explained solely by rising incomes and increased education. It is also driven by other factors, including demographic transition, changes in economic structures, emulation effects in migration processes, rising inequality, credit restrictions and the lowering of migration barriers.
The implication that positive socio-economic development in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa would inexorably lead to an increase in irregular migration to Europe is therefore an oversimplification. Irregular migration in particular is not driven by economic motives alone. Instead this is an example of so-called “mixed migration”, in which the drivers of voluntary and forced migration blend together. Factors such as corruption, weak rule of law, human rights infringements and fragile statehood are key drivers here.
Development co-operation cannot hinder migration, due also to the fact that Africa’s development is not solely dependent on it. Instead, development policy co-operation with sub-Saharan Africa should focus on promoting orderly, safe and legal migration, which in turn offers positive development potential while working to prevent forced and irregular migration. Specific development policy measures should therefore include:

• Migration processes influenced by development policy: The opportunities for regular migration to Germany and Europe need to be expanded and ac¬companied (for example via qualification measures).
• Support for intraregional migration: The efforts of the African regional organisations to control intraregional migration – which constitutes a large portion of migration movements – should be supported.
• Prevention of brain drain: The emigration of skilled personnel required in the countries of origin should be managed via targeted investment in training partnerships in specific sectors.
• Promotion of good governance, democracy and rule of law: Development policy measures in this area can make a key contribution to reducing human rights violations, and therefore decrease drivers of flight and forced displacement.

ARI 82/2017 - 26/10/2017
María Solanas

Una valoración inicial del II Plan Nacional de Acción sobre Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad (2017-2023), aprobado el pasado 28 de julio en el Consejo de Ministros, plantea serios interrogantes sobre su impacto en el logro de los objetivos de la Resolución 1325.

ARI 81/2017 - 26/10/2017
René Pita y Juan Domingo

El intento de fabricar un artefacto para la dispersión de una sustancia química tóxica en Australia contó con el asesoramiento directo del Daesh desde Siria. Esto muestra el interés del terrorismo yihadista por adaptar en Occidente distintas tácticas desarrolladas en zonas de conflicto.

The perceived shift from chaos to an evolving order in Syria presents a challenge to Israel’s policy of limited intervention. Iran’s growing influence in Syria and its efforts to improve Hezbollah’s strategic capacities presents Israeli decision-makers with a sense of urgency to act now while the future settlement in Syria is still being shaped in order to avoid a fait accompli of an Iranian stronghold on Israel’s northern border. This notion is further enhanced by a perceived lack of a serious commitment from the main extra-regional powerbroker, Russia, as well as the US to Israel’s national security needs. During the last few months, the first signs of a change became apparent in Israel’s strategic approach as well as a new willingness to take active measures to contain Iran’s strategic efforts in Syria. The combination of a new proactive Israeli policy and the lack of a security regime to regulate the situation increases the likelihood of an unintended escalation between the parties. Germany should use its relations and leverage vis-à-vis the two parties to promote a new security regime between Israel and Iran and help prevent a destructive escalation.

Zehn Jahre nach der gewaltsamen Machtübernahme durch die Hamas im Gaza-Streifen und nach mehreren gescheiterten Versuchen, die innerpalästinensische Spaltung zu beenden, zeichnet sich im Herbst 2017 eine Annäherung zwischen Fatah und Hamas ab. Im September gab die Hamas-Führung die Auflösung ihres im März geschaffenen Verwaltungskomitees bekannt; damit machte sie den Weg frei zur Übernahme der Regierung im Gaza-Streifen durch die Palästinensische Autorität (PA). Mitte Oktober einigten sich Vertreter von Hamas und Fatah unter ägyptischer Vermittlung auf ein Versöhnungsabkommen. Auch wenn hohe Hürden einer Zusammenführung der Sicherheitsapparate, einer Einheitsregierung, der Rückkehr zum demokratischen Prozess und einer umfassenden Aussöhnung entgegenstehen: Die Chance, dass die Annäherung eine weitere kriegerische Auseinandersetzung verhindert und zumindest Fortschritte für die Bevölkerung im krisengeschüttelten Gaza-Streifen bringt, ist gegenüber bisherigen Versöhnungsbemühungen deutlich gestiegen. Deutschland und seine Partner in der EU sollten die positive Dynamik stärken, eine dauerhafte Verbesserung der Situation durch praktische Schritte unterstützen und auf eine umfassende Überwindung der innerpalästinensischen Spaltung hinwirken.

Le Proche-Orient après la dé-certification – une perspective française. Institut Montaigne mer 25/10/2017 - 20:16

La France a joué un rôle significatif dans les négociations qui ont conduit au Plan d'action conjoint avec l’Iran (JCPOA). Sur le fond, elle était partisane d’un "accord robuste".

The Middle East After Decertification: A French Perspective Institut Montaigne mer 25/10/2017 - 19:06

France played a significant role in the negotiations that led to the deal with Iran known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

L’image altérée de la France en Afrique Institut Montaigne mer 25/10/2017 - 17:41

L’image de la France en Afrique francophone se dégrade, quand bien même notre pays continue d’y jouir d’un certain prestige. C’est ce qui ressort d’un rapport commandé en 2016 sous la présidence de François Hollande.

Chargé(e) de communication (stage) Institut Montaigne mer 25/10/2017 - 14:28

Nature : Stage
Lieu : Paris 8ème
Durée : 6 mois
Début : Janvier /février 2018
Domaine : Communication 

 

Rattaché(e) à la direction de la communication, le stagiaire chargé(e) de communication : 

Met en œuvre la stratégie digitale : 

• Surveille l’e-réputation et assure une veille pour répondre aux questions, modérer les échanges et accroître notre notoriété auprès d’autres communautés.
• Analyse les bonnes pratiques et les nouvelles tendances sur le web et propose régulièrement des contenus impactants et innovants.
• Réalise un reporting quotidien des actions menées et propose des axes d’amélioration

Déploie les relations médias : 

• Coordonne la revue de presse
• Réalise des fichiers presse
• Répond aux demandes presse
• Aide à la préparation des interventions médias du directeur et des autres porte-parole
• Réalise un reporting, press book 
• Prépare des bilans RP

Profil :

• Rigoureux(se) et réactif(ve), vous avez démontré(e ) votre autonomie et votre capacité d’adaptation
• Fort intérêt pour l’actualité économique et politique, nécessaire maîtrise des contenus
• Excellentes qualités rédactionnelles et esprit de synthèse 
• Passionné(e) par le web et les réseaux sociaux
• Doté(e) d’un bon sens relationnel et d’un goût avéré du travail en équipe, le chargé(e) de communication aura à cœur de s’investir au sein d’une structure et d’une équipe jeune et dynamique. 

Modalités pour postuler : 

Merci de bien vouloir envoyer votre CV ainsi qu'une lettre de motivation à bleridon@institutmontaigne.org

A propos de l’Institut Montaigne :

L'Institut Montaigne (www.institutmontaigne.org), association à but non lucratif, est un laboratoire d'idées crée en 2000. Il élabore des propositions concrètes autour de trois axes de politiques publiques : cohésion sociale, modernisation de l'action publique et stratégies économique et européenne. Adressés aux pouvoirs publics, ses travaux sont le fruit d'une méthode d'analyse et de recherche rigoureuse et critique. L'Institut Montaigne réunit des chefs d'entreprise, des hauts fonctionnaires, des universitaires et des personnalités issues d'horizons les plus divers. A travers ses publications et les évènements qu'il organise, l'Institut Montaigne, think tank pionnier en France, souhaite jouer pleinement son rôle d'acteur du débat démocratique.
 

La Plateforme pour la Mémoire et la Conscience européenne et la revue universitaire Communisme vous invitent Les 8 et 9 novembre 2017 à une conférence internationale, au Collège des Bernardins et à la Fondation Napoléon à Paris La conférence se tiendra en français ou en anglais, avec traduction simultanée. Pour vous inscrire, veuillez envoyer un […]

Cet article CENT ANS DE COMMUNISME, HISTOIRE ET MÉMOIRE est apparu en premier sur Fondapol.

ARI 80/2017 - 25/10/2017
Mario Esteban

Las líneas maestras de la política exterior china para el próximo lustro acaban de ser expuestas por Xi Jinping en el 19º Congreso del Partido Comunista de China.

 

 

Hat sich die kirgisische Demokratie seit der letzten Präsidentschaftswahl weiterentwickelt? Gibt es eher Rückschritte, wie Oppositionspolitiker und Vertreter von kirgisischen Nichtregierungsorganisationen in letzter Zeit beklagen?Die Präsidentschaftswahlen in Kirgisistan waren spannend. Unser Auslandsmitarbeiter in Zentralasien, Dr. Max Georg Meier, schildert seine Eindrücke als internationaler Wahlbeobachter.

La demande d’autonomie en temps de crise de la représentation Institut Montaigne mar 24/10/2017 - 10:12

Trois semaines après le vote catalan, les Lombards et les Vénètes ont été appelés à se prononcer par référendum sur l’autonomie de leurs régions.

ARI 78/2017 - 24/10/2017
Mira Milosevich-Juaristi

La actitud de los rusos hacia la herencia histórica de la Revolución es ambigua y confusa, lo que les lleva a adoptar una actitud apática hacia el actual régimen.

The Central African Republic (CAR) is currently experiencing an increase in violence against civilians and a slide toward instability, while attempts to find a solution through a political process have stalled. Despite efforts to strengthen state authority outside Bangui, the state is not present in most of the country, and Central Africans do not trust their government to represent them or the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in CAR (MINUSCA) to protect them.

In anticipation of the expected renewal of MINUSCA’s mandate in November 2017, the International Peace Institute (IPI), the Stimson Center, and Security Council Report co-organized a workshop on October 3, 2017, to help member states and UN develop a shared understanding and common strategic assessment of the situation on the ground in CAR. This workshop was the sixth in a series analyzing how UN policies and the June 2015 recommendations of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) can be applied to country-specific contexts.

Participants suggested that, when reviewing MINUSCA’s mandate, the Security Council should prioritize the protection of civilians and increase MINUSCA’s troop ceiling. It should also articulate a clearer role for MINUSCA in the political process, strengthen support to local peace capacities, encourage the mission to make more strategic use of its mandate to adopt urgent temporary measures, strengthen the mission’s efforts on security sector reform, and redefine the mission’s role in promoting inclusive and representative state institutions.

This publication is part of a project funded by ifa (Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen) with resources provided by the German Federal Foreign Office.

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