The export of weaponised, multirole, medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been a consistent and prominent feature in China’s efforts to increase its footprint in the global defence market. At least 14 countries – including advanced and developing economies in Africa, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East – have ordered or taken delivery of a range of armed MALE UAV platforms in the past decade alone, with the list expected to grow in tandem with Beijing’s economic and military influence.
The surge of export activity within this industry segment is being led by subsidiaries of state-owned defence primes such as the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), which have developed successful MALE-class strike reconnaissance (chá dǎ yītǐ) UAVs such as the Rainbow (Cǎihóng, or CH) 4 and 5 and Wing Loong/Pterodactyl (Yì lóng) I and II UAVs that have entered service with the armed forces of Algeria, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
The proliferation of Chinese-made armed MALE UAVs in these countries has also attracted the attention of the US Department of Defense (DoD), which noted in its 2019 annual report on China’s military and security developments that these UAVs have emerged as one of the key engines of growth for the country’s defence exports. This has enabled Chinese UAV manufacturers to seize a significant share in one of the defence industry’s frontier market segments.
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