Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI décrète le 31 octobre "Fête de l'Unité". Cette décision fait suite à la résolution historique adoptée par le Conseil de securité de l'ONU sur le Sahara marocain.
La nouvelle de l'institution de la "Fête de l'Unité" a été annoncée mardi à travers un communiqué du Cabinet royal.
"Eu égard au tournant historique qu'a connu le processus de la Cause Nationale et ayant à l'esprit les développements décisifs apportés par la résolution 2797/2025 du Conseil de sécurité, qui a fait l'objet du récent Discours adressé par Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI, que Dieu L'assiste et Le glorifie, à Son peuple fidèle, il a été décidé de décréter la journée du 31 octobre de chaque année une fête nationale et une occasion lors de laquelle Sa Majesté le Roi accorde Sa grâce. Sa Majesté le Roi, que Dieu Le préserve, a bien voulu donner à cette fête nationale le nom de "Aid Al Wahda" (Fête de l'Unité), avec tout ce qu'elle implique en termes de significations et de références à l'unité nationale et à l'intégrité territoriale inébranlable du Royaume. Cette fête constituera une occasion nationale fédératrice pour l'expression de l'attachement aux sacralités nationales du Royaume et à ses droits légitimes.Il a été aussi décidé que le Discours Royal sera prononcé à l'avenir en deux occasions officielles : la première à travers le Discours de la glorieuse fête du Trône et la seconde à l'occasion de l'ouverture du Parlement. Ce faisant, Sa Majesté le Roi, en tant qu'Amir Al-Mouminine et Chef de l'Etat, Se réserve la décision et l'appréciation de S'adresser à Son peuple fidèle à tout moment et à toute occasion que Sa Majesté le Roi, que Dieu Le préserve, juge opportuns. Il sera également procédé au maintien des festivités programmées pour la célébration du cinquantenaire de la glorieuse Marche Verte, sans que le Souverain n'adresse un Discours à la Nation à cette occasion"., précise le communiqué du Cabinet royal.
L' "Aid Al Wahda" que vient de décréter Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI est la première fête nationale instituée depuis celle de la récupération d'Oued Eddahab en 1979. Elle marque ainsi la première célébration nationale proclamée par le Souverain depuis Son avènement. L'officialisation du Nouvel An amazigh venait reconnaître une tradition festive pluriséculaire profondément ancrée dans l'identité marocaine.
Aujourd'hui, la décision de Sa Majesté de célébrer « l'Unité » le 31 octobre, à la lumière du nouveau tournant dans la question du Sahara, vient consacrer la notion d'un « Maroc indivisible ». Indivisible dans son territoire comme dans la communauté de destin de sa Nation.
Un Royaume riche de ses différences, mais uni et indivisible : diversité des affluents religieux, pluralité des cultures, variété des milieux sociaux. Autant de singularités qui, loin de diviser, nourrissent la force de la nation marocaine.
Cette résolution historique du Conseil de sécurité sur le Sahara marocain montre le soutien de la communauté internationale à une cause juste que défend le Royaume du Maroc sous la Vision éclairée de SM. Le Roi Mohammed VI.
During the closing press conference, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz called for a strategic dialogue and closer partnership with Ankara. He offered Turkey a European perspective, emphasising that the German government wants to see Turkey close to the European Union (EU) – on the condition that Ankara meets the Copenhagen criteria. This marks a significant departure from the Merkel era, which sought to keep Turkey at arm’s length from the EU. In doing so, Merz sought to balance Realpolitik with value-based diplomacy by not letting Turkey’s democratic deficits go uncommented, effectively placing the ball firmly in Ankara’s court.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan brushed aside implicit criticism over Ankara’s failure to meet EU standards, framing judicial action against the opposition as part of an anti-corruption drive. İstanbul’s mayor, Ekrem İmamoğlu, has been held in pre-trial detention since 19 March on charges of aiding terrorism, the misuse of public funds and, more recently, espionage. Meanwhile, multiple cases against the Republican People's Party (CHP), the main opposition, have aimed to place it under state trusteeship and annul the congress that elected its new leader.
Germany’s Strategic RationaleDifferences also emerged regarding Hamas and Israel. Whereas Germany designates Hamas as a terrorist organisation and provides military support to Israel, Turkey considers Hamas a liberation movement and accuses Israel of genocide. Erdoğan criticised Germany, particularly for its arms deliveries to Israel.
These differences help explain why a breakthrough in relations – for example, on visa liberalisation or modernising the Customs Union – remains a distant prospect. Despite Erdoğan’s assertive stance, Merz remains willing to engage, which is a sign that Germany recognises Turkey’s rising geopolitical importance. In recent years, Ankara has consolidated its regional role by exploiting Russia’s vulnerabilities in Libya and the South Caucasus, backing Azerbaijan’s recapture of Nagorno-Karabakh. Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine has further underscored Turkey’s strategic importance in the Black Sea. In Syria, Ankara remains deeply entangled, seeking a say in the country’s political reshaping.
Erdoğan’s confidence also stems from the understanding that Germany requires Turkey’s collaboration in Syria and Palestine. Both governments are cooperating on Syria’s reconstruction and humanitarian projects to support the return of refugees. Berlin also expects Ankara to help disarm Hamas and play a constructive role in resolving the Palestinian issue. Furthermore, Germany is seeking Turkey’s assistance in returning Turkish citizens who are being forced to leave Germany, and cooperation in the Ukraine crisis.
The Pillars of a Pragmatic Partnership: Security, Defence, and TradeThe need to rebuild its defence capacities has increased Germany’s interest in deepening defence cooperation with Turkey. Berlin has lifted its veto on the Eurofighter procurement process and supports Ankara’s potential participation in the European defence initiative Security Action for Europe (SAFE). Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan welcomed Germany’s positive steps towards Turkey’s participation in the SAFE initiative, stating that Ankara aims to advance joint projects and strengthen the mechanism itself. Both governments emphasise cooperation in security and the defence industry, pursuing joint projects and recognising the strategic value of Turkey’s cost-effective and technologically capable defence sector.
Germany’s interest in Turkey also has an economic dimension. Despite political tensions, bilateral trade remains robust, reaching US$47.5 billion in 2024. Germany is Turkey’s largest export market and its third-largest import partner. Since 1980, German direct investment in Turkey has totalled around US$14.5 billion, including US$687 million in 2023 alone, with over 8,000 German firms employing more than 100,000 people in the country.
Merz’s visit underlines a pragmatic shift in bilateral relations towards security cooperation. Shared geopolitical interests will take precedence, while economic and defence ties continue to expand. Yet pragmatic realignment alone cannot forge a strategic partnership: Fundamental differences persist. A genuine breakthrough will require mutual trust, a clear roadmap, and tangible progress on the rule of law, human rights, and democratic governance – without which closer ties will remain transactional rather than strategic.
Belém - View from the Convention Center where the COP30 summit is to be held. Credit: Sergio Moraes/COP30 Brazil Amazonia
By Umar Manzoor Shah
SRINAGAR, India, Nov 5 2025 (IPS)
The world is falling dangerously short of meeting the Paris Agreement goals, with global greenhouse gas emissions rising to record levels and current national pledges still far off the mark, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in its Emissions Gap Report 2025: Off Target.
The report, marking ten years since the Paris Agreement’s adoption, concludes that even with full implementation of all existing pledges, global temperatures are projected to rise between 2.3°C and 2.5°C this century. Should current policies persist, global warming could potentially reach 2.8°C.
United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, in his video message posted after the report launch on November 4, said that the new Emissions Gap Report, issued by the United Nations Environment Programme, is clear and uncompromising. If nationally determined contributions, the national action plans on climate, are fully implemented by 2035, global warming would reach 2.3 degrees Celsius, down from 2.6 degrees in last year’s projections. That is progress, but nowhere near enough.
He said that the current commitments still point to climate breakdown. Scientists tell us that a temporary overshoot above 1.5 degrees is now inevitable, starting at the latest in the early 2030s. And the path to a livable future gets steeper by the day. “But this is no reason to surrender. It is a reason to step up and speed up. 1.5 degrees by the end of the century remains our North Star. And the science is clear: the goal is still within reach. But only if we meaningfully increase our ambition. Our mission is simple, but not easy,” he said.
Only about one-third of countries have submitted new or updated climate pledges (NDCs) by the September 2025 deadline. The report warns that despite some progress in renewable energy deployment, overall global emissions reached 57.7 gigatons of CO₂ equivalent (GtCO₂e) in 2024—a 2.3 percent increase from 2023, the steepest annual rise in over a decade.
According to UNEP, deforestation and land-use change accounted for more than half of the increase in 2024’s emissions, with fossil fuels contributing 36 percent. The G20 nations remain responsible for 77 percent of total global emissions, and only the European Union recorded a decline last year. India and China saw the largest absolute increases, while Indonesia registered the fastest relative growth.
Despite the Paris Agreement’s requirement that all parties submit new or revised NDCs by early 2025, only 60 parties, covering 63 percent of global emissions, have done so. Of these, just 13 updated their 2030 targets. Most new NDCs offer little improvement in ambition, with many missing commitments to double energy efficiency or triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. “Costs are falling, investments are rising, innovation is surging, and clean power is now the cheapest source of electricity in most markets and the fastest to deploy. It strengthens energy security, cuts pollution, and creates millions of decent jobs. Leaders must seize this moment and waste no time,” Guterres said.
He added that tripling renewables and doubling energy efficiency by 2030, building modern grids and large-scale storage, and ending all new coal, oil and gas expansion in a just and equitable manner. “The clean energy revolution must reach everyone, everywhere. But developing countries face crippling capital costs and a fraction of global investment,” he added.
UNEP’s analysis indicates that the new NDCs narrow the emissions gap for 2035 only marginally. The world would still emit 12 GtCO2e more than what is consistent with a 2°C pathway and 23 GtCO2e above the level required for 1.5°C. The gap widens further by 2050 unless countries drastically change course.
Overshoot of 1.5°C Now Inevitable
The report warns that global temperatures are set to exceed the 1.5°C limit within the next decade, with 2024 already marking the hottest year on record at 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels. The remaining carbon budget for a 1.5°C future without overshoot is just 130 GtCO₂, which is enough for barely three more years of current emissions.
Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP, said the findings show governments have “missed the target for a third time.” She called the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement a major setback that would add roughly 0.1°C to projected warming.
“The task now is to make this overshoot as brief and shallow as possible,” Andersen said. “Every fraction of a degree matters. Each 0.1°C increase brings more droughts, floods, and losses, especially for the poorest.”
What Needs to Happen
To have a 66 percent chance of returning global warming to 1.5°C by 2100, the world must cut 2030 emissions by 26 percent and 2035 emissions by 46 percent compared with 2019 levels. This would require reducing global greenhouse gas output to about 32 GtCO₂e by 2035.
The “rapid mitigation from 2025” scenario explored in the report shows that immediate and deep reductions starting next year could still limit peak warming to around 1.7–1.9°C before gradually returning to 1.5°C by the end of the century. But UNEP warns that each year of delay makes the path “steeper, costlier, and more disruptive.”
The report emphasizes two imperatives: implementing aggressive near-term mitigation to minimize temperature overshoot and scaling up carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to reach net-zero and eventually net-negative emissions.
Unequal Progress and Missed Opportunities
Seven G20 members are on track to meet their current NDC targets, but most are far from achieving their net-zero pledges. Many developing countries still lack financing and technical support to implement their climate commitments. The report urges developed nations to provide “unparalleled increases in climate finance” and to reform international financial systems to make green investments accessible.
Despite setbacks, UNEP highlights that 70 percent of global emissions are now covered by net-zero pledges, a sharp increase from zero in 2015. Falling costs of wind and solar energy, along with advancements in battery storage, have made clean energy transition more viable than ever.
“Climate action is not charity,” Andersen said. “It is self-interest. It delivers jobs, energy security, and economic resilience.”
Science and Legal Mandates
The report also references the July 2025 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, which ruled that states have legal obligations to protect the climate system under human rights law. It reaffirmed that limiting warming to 1.5°C remains the primary goal of the Paris Agreement, despite temporary exceedance.
UNEP scientists caution that even brief overshoots of 1.5°C could trigger irreversible tipping points, including the collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet and thawing of permafrost releasing methane. Each 0.1°C rise beyond current levels increases risks of extreme weather, biodiversity loss, and health impacts, particularly in vulnerable regions.
Path Ahead to COP30
The findings come ahead of COP30 in Belém, Brazil, where nations are expected to present enhanced NDCs. UNEP urges governments to treat the conference as a turning point.
“The Paris Agreement has driven progress, but ambition and delivery have lagged,” the report states. “Each missed opportunity now adds to future costs, instability, and suffering.”
Guterres said that COP30 in Belém must be the turning point, where the world delivers a bold and credible response plan to close the ambition and implementation gaps, to mobilize USD 1.3 trillion a year by 2035 in climate finance for developing countries, and to advance climate justice for all. “The path to 1.5 degrees is narrow but open. Let us accelerate to keep that path alive for people, for the planet, and for our common future,” he said.
The 2025 report was prepared by 39 scientists from 21 institutions in 16 countries, coordinated by UNEP’s Copenhagen Climate Centre. It states that while 1.5°C is still technically achievable, the window is “narrow and closing fast.”
“Global warming will exceed 1.5°C, very likely within the next decade,” it says. “The challenge now is to ensure that this overshoot is brief and reversible. Every year, every policy, every ton of CO2 counts.”
IPS UN Bureau Report
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Le président Patrice Talon a lancé un appel aux démissionnaires du parti d'opposition Les Démocrates.
Avertissement et main tendue du président Patrice Talons aux démissionnaires du parti Les Démocrates. Selon le chef de l'Etat, quitter un parti n'autorise pas à renoncer à l'action publique. « Si leur idéal ne veut pas prospérer dans le groupe politique actuel et qu'ils sortent de ce groupe-là, il ne faut pas que leur idéal meure », a déclaré le président dans un entretien diffusé ce mardi 4 novembre 2025.
« Le meilleur moyen de promouvoir les idéaux politiques, c'est peut-être par la politique » a ajouté le président Patrice Talon. Le chef de l'État se dit prêt à les écouter. « Je vais voir le président Djogbénou (de l' UP-R, Ndlr), Bio Tchané (du BR, Ndlr), je vais leur dire qu'il faut aller parler avec ceux qui n'ont pas trouvé leur bonheur », annonce le chef de l'Etat.
Patrice Talon a exhorté les autres membres des Démocrates à infléchir la ligne du parti. « Influencez le président Boni Yayi, influencez les responsables du parti pour qu'ils ouvrent des discussions », demande le Chef de l'Etat. Patrice Talon lie cette invitation à un objectif national.
Pour lui, la polarisation nuit à l'intérêt général. « On ne peut pas construire le pays quand on a l'impression qu'il y a une partie du pays contre une autre », a indiqué le chef de l'Etat.
Le 28 octobre dernier, six députés membres du principal parti d'opposition Les Démocrates ont annoncé leur démission.
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A portrait of President Samia Hassan hangs on a pole as thick smoke from burning tires fills the air during protests over her disputed candidacy in Dar es Salaam. Credit: Zuberi Mussa/IPS
By Kizito Makoye
DAR ES SALAAM, Tanzania, Nov 5 2025 (IPS)
At dawn in Manzese, a dusty township on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam, silence hangs where the sounds of commerce once roared. The township, usually crowded with street cooks, vegetable vendors, mechanics, and motorcycle taxis snaking through the morning rush, stood eerily empty. Shutters are pulled down, wooden stalls abandoned, and the air is heavy with the smell of burnt rubber. For five days, the township’s bustling economic life has been paralyzed—leaving residents unable to buy food or access basic services.
“I still can’t believe what I saw,” says Abel Nteena, a 36-year-old tricycle rider, his voice trembling as he recalls the horror that unfolded on October 31. “Masked men in black with red armbands came out of nowhere. They started shooting at us as we queued for fuel. They spoke Swahili, but their accent was strange—and their skin was unusually dark. They shouted at everyone to run and opened fire.”
Nteena says three of his colleagues were hit by bullets and are now fighting for their lives in a local hospital. “One was shot in the chest, another in the leg. I don’t even know if they will make it,” he says.
A City Under Siege
The attack was one of several that rocked Dar es Salaam following the disputed presidential elections, which many observers described as deeply flawed. The unrest has claimed hundreds of lives nationwide, with the government imposing a 12-hour curfew to quell the violence. But in doing so, it has paralyzed the country’s economic heart.
For the millions who rely on informal trade to survive, the curfew has been a nightmare. Shops and markets close by mid-afternoon, public transport halts, and banks and mobile money agents are often shuttered long before sunset.
“I was just buying milk when I heard gunshots,” recalls Neema Nkulu, a 31-year-old mother of three from the Bunju neighborhood. “People screamed and fell to the ground. I saw a man bleeding near the shop. I dropped everything and ran.” She says. “A sniper’s bullet hit the shop’s glass right where I had been standing. I thank God I’m alive.”
With financial services disrupted, Neema and many others cannot access money stored in mobile wallets. “I have cash in my phone, but the agents are closed, and I can’t withdraw it,” she says. “My children have gone without proper food for two days.”
Daily Struggles Amid Curfew
In Dar es Salaam, where nearly six million people depend on daily earnings, the curfew has created cascading hardships. Food prices have soared as trucks bringing supplies from upcountry regions remain stranded due to insecurity and fuel shortages. The cost of maize flour, a staple food, has doubled in a week. Fuel scarcity has sent public transport fares skyrocketing—with commuters paying twice the normal price to reach work.
“I used to sell fried fish every evening,” says Rashid Pilo, 39, who runs a roadside stall in Bunju. “My customers are mostly office workers who buy food on their way home. But now, because of the curfew, everyone rushes home early. I have lost almost everything. One night’s curfew means no income and no food for my family.”
At Mwananyamala and Mabwepande hospitals, morgues are reportedly overwhelmed by bodies of those killed in the violence. Health workers, speaking anonymously for fear of reprisals, say they have run out of space and body bags. The government has released no official casualty figures, but human rights groups estimate that hundreds have died since election day.
“The bodies keep coming,” says one morgue attendant, visibly shaken. “Some have bullet wounds; others were beaten. Families are scared to claim them.”
Fear and Silence
Across the city, the presence of heavily armed soldiers on the streets has instilled deep fear among residents. Armored vehicles patrol major intersections, and random house searches have become routine. Most city dwellers have chosen to remain indoors, venturing out only when necessary.
“I went to three ATMs, but none were working,” says Richard Masawe, a 46-year-old computer specialist at InfoTech company. “The internet was down, and even mobile banking was offline. I couldn’t buy anything or send money to my family. It felt like we were cut off from the world.”
The government says the internet shutdown was a “temporary security measure,” but rights groups argue it was an attempt to silence dissent and block the flow of information about the violence.
Transport in Dar es Salaam has also been crippled. Long queues of vehicles snake around petrol stations, while most buses remain grounded.
“We have fuel for only half a day,” says Walid Masato a Yas station manager. “Deliveries have stopped coming. The roads are unsafe.”
An Economy on the Brink
According to economist Jerome Mchau, the post-election crisis has exposed Tanzania’s economic fragility. “The informal sector, which employs more than 80 percent of Tanzanians, is the hardest hit,” he explains. “When people can’t move, can’t trade, and can’t access cash, the entire economic system grinds to a halt.”
Mchau estimates that the economy could lose up to USD 150 million per week if the unrest continues. “Inflationary pressure is already visible,” he adds. “Food and fuel prices are climbing fast, and consumer confidence is collapsing.”
The curfew has also paralyzed logistics networks. Trucks carrying essential goods from the central regions of Dodoma, Morogoro, and Mbeya have been unable to reach the coast, creating artificial shortages in urban centers. “We are seeing panic buying,” Mchau notes. “People are stockpiling rice, pasta, and flour because they don’t know what tomorrow will bring.”
Shattered Trust, Deep Divisions
Beyond the economic toll, the violence has eroded trust between citizens and the government. Many Tanzanians feel betrayed by a system they once considered a model of stability.
“Tanzania was long regarded as a beacon of peace and democracy in Africa,” says Michael Bante, a political commentator based in Dar es Salaam. “But what we’re seeing now is unprecedented—people losing faith in state institutions, opposition voices being silenced, and communities turning against each other.”
Bante says the government faces a monumental challenge in restoring public confidence. “President Samia’s administration must act decisively to unite the nation,” he says. “This means not only investigating human rights abuses but also engaging in genuine dialogue with opposition leaders and civil society.”
The opposition has accused the ruling party of manipulating the vote and using excessive force to suppress protests. The government, in turn, blames “foreign-funded elements” for inciting violence. The truth, analysts say, likely lies somewhere in between—in the deep mistrust that has been festering for years.
A Nation in Mourning
In many parts of Dar es Salaam, grief and uncertainty define daily life. At the Manzese Market, women gather quietly in small groups, whispering about missing relatives. The charred remains of kiosks and motorcycles litter the streets. A faint smell of smoke still hangs in the air.
“Life will never be the same,” says Nkulu, the young mother who narrowly escaped sniper fire. “We used to feel safe here. Now, every sound of a motorbike makes me jump. I can’t even send my children to school.”
Schools across the city remain closed indefinitely. Hospitals report rising cases of trauma and anxiety. Religious leaders have called for calm and reconciliation.
Searching for Stability
President Samia Suluhu Hassan, who has publicly condemned the violence, faces her toughest political test yet. In a televised address, she called for unity and promised to investigate the attacks. Yet, critics argue that the government’s heavy-handed security response risks inflaming tensions further.
“Tanzania is at a crossroads,” says Bante. “The leadership must choose between repression and reform. The world is watching.”
International partners, including the African Union and the United Nations, have called for restraint and dialogue. However, diplomatic sources say mediation efforts have stalled as both sides harden their positions.
For ordinary Tanzanians like Rashid, the fish vendor, politics has become a matter of survival. “I don’t care who wins or loses,” he says, frying a handful of tilapia over a small charcoal stove. “I just want peace so that I can work and feed my family.”
A Fragile Hope
As dusk settles over Dar es Salaam, the city remains cloaked in tension. The once-bustling bus stands and food stalls are deserted, the only movement coming from military patrols sweeping through dimly lit streets.
Yet, amid the fear and uncertainty, some still cling to hope. “We’ve seen hard times before,” says Masawe, the computer specialist. “If we can rebuild trust, maybe we can rebuild our country too.”
For now, that hope feels distant. Tanzania’s post-election crisis has left deep scars in a nation once hailed for its calm. Whether President Samia’s government can heal those wounds remains to be seen.
IPS UN Bureau Report
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