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Washington must be willing to make uncomfortable concessions.

Amid China-U.S. competition over critical minerals, Kazakhstan is positioned to become a key partner for Washington. 

It's not about the economy at all: In a system that defines not struggling as a crime, opting out is a public offense.

Selon les analystes, le régime de droits de douane nuls renforce le soft power de la Chine, mais pourrait entraîner des retombées inégales.

Considerable attention has been paid to the threat of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan, but analysts have arguably overlooked a more immediate danger facing the Ryukyu Island chain.

The summit is unlikely to deliver decisive breakthroughs. Instead, its importance lies in how it helps manage competition under pressure.

Despite plans to go from zero to four nuclear power plants by 2050, Kazakhstan’s strategy comes with significant challenges.

Ask any academic about how they have come to their present station in their careers and they will talk at some point about the role of chance. The conversation in a queue at a coffee break at a conference, the sitting in on a departmental seminar series, the email on a disciplinary mailing list: the joining of ideas, the crossing of peoples’ paths.

Out of these moments has much research emerged. To take one example, the 2004 volcanic ash cloud that closed transatlantic air transport for over a week, trapping hundreds of European international relations scholars in Canada as their conference was ending, reputedly produced dozens of articles, funding bids and collaborative networks as people found they had time to sit, talk, brainstorm and advance ideas that might otherwise have been lost to the constant pressures of managing a regular workload.

All of which is to say that the advancement of knowledge through research doesn’t follow a straight or foreseeable path. And the growing focus of funding bodies on strategic priorities risks undermining the valuable possibilities that come from a rich and supportive research environment.

The move towards funding priority topics is partly understandable by the desire of funders to demonstrate their direct contribution to areas of political and public interest: research for gain instead of research for its own sake, if you will. In an age of tightening budgets, performance metrics and stakeholder accountability the incentives are clear.

But we now find ourselves at risk of moving too far in this direction.

Firstly, the world moves fast and uncertainly. If priorities are updated too slowly, then we risk missing important new agendas, but if they move too quickly, there is a danger that funding never lasts long enough to allow for the production of sufficiently deep analysis and findings. Supporting researchers to follow many paths – that may for time to time becoming more salient – actually improves the ability to speak to changing needs.

Secondly, priority relies on the existence of a pool of experienced researchers who can bid into designated pots of funding. But if there isn’t the support to allow such people to learn and develop in the absence of targeted monies, then the upsides of prioritisation are severely eroded.

And finally, research has never been just about material benefits. The pursuit of knowledge – in all its forms – is a human endeavour, with intrinsic value. Just as higher education can’t be simply a vehicle for getting a better-paid job, so too must research retain its wider purpose of supporting our understanding of the world and of ourselves.

That means we need to protect funding streams both within individual institutions and from external funders to allow researchers the opportunity to pursue their own agendas and ideas, and to be able to share, discuss and develop them with their communities of practice.

Having been a chair of UACES, which brings together European Studies researchers from across the world and from multiple disciplines, I have been repeatedly delighted and educated by what the rich tapestry of a vibrant and mutually supportive research environment can bring to my own work and to the full range of stakeholders, from politicians to the general public, activists to journalists.

If we can continue to preserve the value of supporting research in the broadest sense then we can not only make targeted funding work more effectively and sustainably, but also ensure that the broadest values of research are protected and shared with everyone.

Simon Usherwood is Professor of Politics and International Studies at the Open University and former Chair of UACES.

The post Why Research Needs a Supportive Environment as Much as Funding Priorities appeared first on Ideas on Europe.

Les dirigeantes de la CFDT et de la CGT réclament vendredi des augmentations de salaires face au retour de l'inflation, tout en défendant le caractère chômé et férié du 1er-Mai. France 24 a reçoit Agathe Le Berder, secrétaire générale adjointe de l’Ugict-CGT, qui explique ce pour quoi elle est engagée et cette journée du travail.

Committee meetings, Brussels

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

Industry leaders describe a war for talent.

Condamné en première instance, l'ancien président de la République Nicolas Sarkozy comparait devant la Cour d'Appel de Paris, pour son procès en appel dans l'affaire du financement libyen de sa campagne de 2007. Ce mercredi, l'ex-chef de l'état a contredit son ancien bras droit Claude Guéant. Virginie Le Guay, éditorialiste politique, était l'invitée de Questions Directes pour en parler.

Le Conseil d'État a estimé jeudi qu'il n'y avait "plus lieu" de "statuer" sur les trois recours déposés par des syndicats et des députés qui contestait un communiqué du Premier ministre mi-avril censé faciliter, selon eux, le travail salarié le 1er-Mai dans les boulangeries et chez les fleuristes. Récit de David Gilberg.

Les Afghans sont confrontés à des infrastructures médicales rares et à des frontières fermées, alors même que les taux de cancer atteignent des niveaux alarmants.

Displaced mothers and children at a malnutrition treatment center in Chuil, Jonglei State, South Sudan. Credit: WFP/Gabriela Vivacqua

By Oritro Karim
UNITED NATIONS, May 1 2026 (IPS)

In 2026, the humanitarian situation in South Sudan has taken a considerable turn for the worse, with widespread food shortages, ongoing disruptions to food production systems, and rising rates of malnutrition affecting over half of the population. Compounded by the vast scale of needs and an overwhelming lack of access to basic services, humanitarian experts warn that nationwide levels of hunger are projected to worsen to catastrophic levels if urgent intervention is not secured.

On April 28, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Food Programme (WFP) published a joint statement underscoring the escalation of the hunger crisis in South Sudan, noting that approximately 56 percent of the population, or roughly 7.8 million people, are projected to face acute food insecurity by July. They stress that the main drivers of food insecurity are climate shocks, flooding, mass displacement, and protracted armed conflict, all of which hinder effective agricultural yields and reduce food availability for hundreds of thousands of families.

“Hunger in South Sudan is intensifying, not stabilizing,” said Ross Smith, WFP Director of Emergencies and Preparedness. “Between April and July of this year, more than half of the population is projected to face crisis levels of hunger or worse, including people already in catastrophic conditions, where starvation and a collapse of livelihoods are a daily reality. This is among the highest proportions of any country’s population facing crisis levels of hunger today.”

The latest figures from the Integrated Food Security Classification Phase (IPC) show that over 280,000 additional civilians have been pushed into acute food insecurity since late 2025, including 73,000 civilians who are facing catastrophic (IPC Phase 5) levels of hunger. This marks a 160 percent increase from last year’s figures. An additional 2.5 million people face emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of hunger, and 5.3 million have been reported to rely on unsustainable coping mechanisms to survive.

Children have been hit particularly hard, with UNICEF reporting that approximately 2.2 million children between the ages of six months and five years suffer from acute malnutrition, marking an increase of over 100,000 cases compared to last year. Over 700,000 children are projected to face the highest levels of hunger by July. Roughly 1.2 million pregnant and breastfeeding women are acutely malnourished, which has significantly dangerous, long-term implications for both mothers and children.

“Every day of delayed humanitarian access and supply delivery is a day a child’s life and future hangs in the balance,” said Lucia Elmi, UNICEF Director of Emergencies. “We are calling on all parties to grant timely, safe access to conflict-affected, including areas of displacement, and scale up nutrition interventions. We must act now if we are to save children’s lives.”

Widespread displacement continues to hinder South Sudan’s road to recovery, with rampant insecurity, overcrowding, and a shortage of critical supplies in displacement shelters complicating humanitarian relief efforts. The UN agencies note that nearly 300,000 people have been displaced this year in the Jonglei state alone, with many communities entirely cut off from humanitarian assistance. Numerous families report being unable to access food services due to rising prices, disrupted markets, and economic decline, which has significantly reduced household purchasing power.

Additionally, displaced communities face elevated risks of contracting infectious diseases due to persistent overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. The agencies have recorded a sharp rise in cholera, malaria, and measles infections, particularly among “vulnerable and already acutely malnourished children”. Furthermore, treatment for malnutrition has been severely compromised over the past several months, with a substantial portion of the nation’s healthcare and nutritional support facilities having been damaged or closed entirely due to conflict. Life-saving medical interventions are largely unavailable due to continued shortages of medical supplies.

In April, IPC conducted a detailed Risk of Famine Analysis, assessing hunger conditions across seven counties to determine which regions were at a high risk of developing famine. The analysis identified four counties that are projected to contract famine in the coming months, a significant increase from just one county identified last year. The Upper Nile and Jonglei regions are particularly vulnerable, as the renewed escalation of armed hostilities has driven further displacement and reduced humanitarian reach to the most at-risk communities.

Risks are especially pronounced in Akobo, where IPC projects the return of over 100,000 South Sudanese civilians currently displaced in Gambela and Ethiopia. This large-scale return could further exacerbate hunger conditions, as humanitarian and healthcare personnel face severe shortages of supplies, funding, and staffing in assisting already strained communities.

IPC also warns that hunger conditions could escalate to catastrophic levels (IPC Phase 5) in the coming months across multiple areas, including Doma and Yomding in Ulang County; Pulturuk, Waat, and Thol Lankien in Nyirol County; and Kuerenge Ke and Mading in southern Nasir County. All of these regions remain largely inaccessible due to ongoing conflict, which has limited humanitarian reach.

In response, the UN has called for an end to the isolation of these communities in relief efforts, stressing the urgent need for closer monitoring and a strengthened humanitarian response.

“Now, more than ever, we cannot afford to lose the hard-won gains made in recent years, especially as South Sudan works to strengthen its agrifood systems and build on encouraging signs of local agricultural production,” said Rein Paulsen, FAO Director, Office of Emergencies and Resilience. “These gains remain highly vulnerable to conflict, insecurity, and climate shocks—the very forces driving today’s food crisis. We must act urgently and collectively to protect livelihoods, sustain food production, and prevent millions more people from falling deeper into hunger.”

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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Sommaire

Actualité :
La France a-t-elle besoin de l’Afrique ?
Dossier : Afrique, Etat et démocratie
Etat-ethnique ou Etat-Nation ?
Rwanda : comment la démocratie a conduit au génocide
Sahel : comment la démocratie entretient la guerre
Histoire :
Algérie : relire Daniel Lefeuvre
En 1830, la France s'empare du trésor du dey d'Alger


Editorial de Bernard Lugan

L’histoire de ces dernières décennies montre qu’en Afrique, démocratie = ethno-mathématique électorale, avec pour résultat que les ethnies les plus nombreuses remportent automatiquement les élections. Voilà pourquoi, au lieu d’éteindre les incendies, les scrutins électoraux les ravivent. Plus que jamais, il importe donc de méditer cette profonde réflexion que le Gouverneur général de l’AOF fit en 1953, et qui n’est pas une découverte pour les lecteurs de l’Afrique Réelle : « Moins d’élections et plus d’ethnographie, et tout le monde y trouvera son compte » … 
Plus de trois décennies après l’injonction faite à l’Afrique par François Mitterrand lors de son « discours de La Baule » le 20 juin 1990, la démocratie qu’il postulait être le remède aux maux du continent n’y a en effet apporté, ni développement économique, ni stabilité politique, et encore moins sécurité. Ce terrible échec explique pourquoi des pays comme le Mali, le Burkina Faso, la Guinée, le Tchad et la Centrafrique, ont décidé de se donner ou de se redonner des régimes autoritaires. 
Or, si la démocratie électorale a échoué en Afrique, c’est en raison de l’inadéquation entre des réalités socio-politiques communautaires enracinées et un système politique importé à base individualiste. Comment le greffon démocratique individualiste aurait-il d’ailleurs pu prendre en Afrique sud-saharienne où, traditionnellement, l’autorité ne se partageait pas, où la séparation des pouvoirs était inconnue, et où les chefs détenaient à travers leur personne à la fois l’auctoritas et la potestas ? Comment a-t ‘on pu faire croire aux Africains que la transposition de la démocratie occidentale était possible sans qu’auparavant il ait été réfléchi à la création de contre-pouvoirs, au mode de représentation et d’association au gouvernement des peuples minoritaires condamnés par l’ethno-mathématique électorale à être pour l’éternité écartés du pouvoir ? 
L’exemple du Sahel est parlant : comme ils sont minoritaires, les pasteurs, notamment les Touareg et les Peul qui, à la veille de la colonisation étaient les dominants, sont aujourd’hui exclus du pouvoir par les urnes. Pour eux, la « solution » électorale n’est donc qu’une farce puisqu’elle ne fait que confirmer à chaque scrutin les pourcentages ethniques, légitimant ainsi le pouvoir de ceux dont les femmes sont les plus fécondes. Acculés par la démocratie à être pour l’éternité des sous-citoyens, dès la décennie 1960, ils ont donc pris les armes. 
Enfermés dans la bulle idéologique du « démocratique d’abord », ceux qui font la politique africaine de la France n’ont pas voulu prendre en compte l’évidence qui est qu’ici, les rapports entre les populations nordistes et les populations sudistes répondent à des constantes millénaires, et que les structures civilisationnelles reposent sur les groupes, non sur les individus, ce qui interdit de ce fait toute transposition de notre individualisme politique électoral.

Quelque 158 000 personnes ont manifesté, vendredi dans toute la France, pour la défense du 1er-Mai férié et chômé et pour des hausses de salaires, dont 24 000 à Paris, selon le ministère de l'Intérieur. La CGT a pour sa part comptabilisé plus de 300 000 manifestants, dont environ 100 000 dans la capitale. Voici le fil de la journée.

It's clear what the United States is getting out of its new critical minerals initiative, but less obvious how Manila stands to gain from it.

Les syndicats du Monténégro se mobilisent pour une revalorisation de la Convention collective générale, normalement indexée sur le coût de la vie, mais qui n'a pas été révisée depuis treize ans, malgré la forte inflation. Ils dénoncent aussi le « mépris » du gouvernement pour le dialogue social.

- Le fil de l'Info / Monténégro, Economie, Société, Politique, Vijesti, Social

By Farhana Haque Rahman
TORONTO, Canada, May 1 2026 (IPS)

Press freedom is on the retreat across much of the world.

As documented by recent global surveys authored by the UN and media institutes, the erosion of an independent, fearless and diversified press is a trend that has worsened for well over a decade.

Farhana Haque Rahman

Its corrosive course has run in tandem with the weakening of democracies and the rise of autocrats, a surge in violence and persecution targeting journalists, cuts in government funding, the rise of largely unregulated social media oligarchs now facilitating AI-augmented fake news, and a concentration of media ownership among cronies close to centres of power.

Delivering the 2026 Reuters Memorial Lecture on March 9, Carlos Dada, Salvadoran editor of El Faro, now operating in exile, did not mince his words:

“A far-right, populist, autocratic wave is taking the world by storm and breaking all the rules, and journalists, as in every authoritarian regime or dictatorship, no matter its ideological foundations, are labelled as enemies. Journalism is being criminalized, and our colleagues are being imprisoned or killed.”

Just days earlier, El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele was described by the Autonomous University of Barcelona as imposing one of the most restrictive environments for press freedom in Latin America through a “model of techno-populist authoritarianism”.

World Press Freedom Day, on May 3, has adopted as its declared theme: “Shaping a Future at Peace: Promoting Press Freedom for Human Rights, Development, and Security” – a challenging title given the wars, turmoil and economic crises currently besetting the world.

UNESCO, co-hosting the 2026 conference with the Zambian government in Lusaka on May 4-5, has itself charted a sharp decline in freedom of expression globally. Its 2022/2025 World Trends Report, Journalism: Shaping a World at Peace cites an increase in physical attacks, digital threats, and a surge in self-censorship among journalists.

This crisis is summed up by UNESCO as a “historically significant and unprecedented shift”, noting that for the first time in 20 years non-democratic regimes outnumber democracies. Some 72 percent of the world’s population lives under “non-democratic rule”, the highest proportion since 1978.

This decline in press freedom, plurality and diversity “mirrors broader patterns: weakened parliaments and judicial institutions, falling levels of public trust, and deepening polarization. It has also coincided with setbacks in equality, alongside rising hostility toward environmental journalists, scientists, and researchers”, UNESCO’s report says.

It also warns how “the growing dominance of major technology companies – and the consequences of their shifting policies and practices – have created fertile ground for hate speech and disinformation to spread online.”

In its World Press Freedom Index for 2025, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) says physical attacks against journalists are the most visible violations of press freedom but “economic pressure is also a major, more insidious problem”.

“Much of this is due to ownership concentration, pressure from advertisers and financial backers, and public aid that is restricted, absent or allocated in an opaque manner,” RSF states. “Today’s news media are caught between preserving their editorial independence and ensuring their economic survival.”

“For the first time in the history of the Index, the conditions for practising journalism are ‘difficult’ or ‘very serious’ in over half of the world’s countries and satisfactory in fewer than one in four.”

World Press Freedom Day goes back to a 1993 decision by the UN General Assembly to commemorate the Declaration of Windhoek, a statement of free press principles produced by African journalists in 1991.

But as RSF notes, press freedom in Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a worrying decline. The economic score of the index deteriorated in 80 percent of countries in the region.

Overall Eritrea (180th) remained the worst-ranking country. The Democratic Republic of the Congo fell 10 places to 133rd as its economic indicator plummeted. Conflict zones saw sharp declines in press freedom in Burkina Faso, Sudan and Mali with newsrooms forced to self-censor, shut down or go into exile.

“The hyper-concentration of media ownership in the hands of political figures or business elites without safeguards for editorial independence remains a recurring problem,” RSF says, citing issues in Cameroon, Nigeria and Rwanda.

Nonetheless higher-ranking countries, such as South Africa, Namibia, Cape Verde and Gabon “provide rays of hope”, RSF adds.

A clear casualty of the toxic combo of autocratic populists, media-owning cronies and dwindling budgets is coverage of climate change. Even normally heavy-hitting media groups are cutting back their reporting of the global climate crisis in another blow to the key SDG Target of promoting public access to information.

China remains the “world’s largest jail for journalists”, ranking 178th on RSF’s global press freedom index, one place above North Korea.

Bangladesh ranked 149th in the World Press Freedom Index. Following the parliamentary elections in February this year, RSF has urged the new Bangladeshi government to put an end to arbitrary detentions, the instrumentalization of the justice system and impunity for crimes against journalists. Such abuses have caused lasting damage to the country’s press.

Summing up the state of the press following Perugia’s annual International Journalism Festival in April, Carole Cadwalladr, investigative journalist for The Nerve — a “fearless, female-founded, truly independent [UK] media title” – commented: “There’s “not much light in these dark times” while referencing the killing by Israeli forces of over 200 Palestinian journalists and media workers since the Hamas attacks on Israel in October 2023.

But she did feel an “energy” at the festival held in the Italian hill-top city.

“All across the world, there are journalists doing the hard yards of trying to hold power to account,” she wrote. “And increasingly, this is being done by small, insurgent new outlets that are sprouting up because there is a gap that needs to be filled.”

Or as Dada, editor of El Salvador’s exiled El Faro, declared in his lecture:

“We are journalists in resistance. In resistance to the violation of our rights, the shuttering of public information… resistance to limitless power. We practised journalism in democracy for a quarter century. That era is gone. Today, we are a newsroom in resistance.”

Farhana Haque Rahman is Senior Vice President of IPS Inter Press Service and Executive Director IPS Noram; she served as the elected Director General of IPS from 2015-2019. A journalist and communications expert, she is a former senior official of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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