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Afrique
Sea Phoenix: egy meg nem valósult légvédelmi rendszer
Kevésbé ismert tény, hogy a Grumman F-14 Tomcat haditengerészeti vadászgépek AN/AWG-9 fedélzeti radarjával, tűzvezető rendszerével, na és a nagy hatótávolságú AIM-54 Phoenix légiharc-rakétáinak felhasználásával majdnem létrejött egy igen potens légvédelmi rendszer. Ez volt a Sea Phoenix.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Talán újra repülni fognak Libanon Hunter harci gépei, de már Kanadában
Ugyanis Libanon öt eladásra felkínált Hawker Hunter harci repülőgépét a kanadai székhelyű Lortie Aviation vásárolta meg augusztus 12-én.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Orosz segítséggel valósulhat meg a török TF-X vadászbombázó?
Orosz források szerint, egyeztetések folynak orosz és török szakemberek között a törökök TF-X (Turkish Fighter - Experimental), vagyis a helyi rövidítéssel MMU-nak (Milli Muharebe Uçagi) nevezett, elsősorban légi harcra tervezett repülőgépének jelenleg is folyó fejlesztési programja során.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Összetört egy mexikói Mi-17-es helikopter
A Mexikói Haditengerészet Mil Mi-17-es szállítóhelikoptere augusztus 25-én járt szerencsétlenül.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Túl van a robbantási teszteken a FORD hordozó
Augusztus 20-án indult el a Norfolk-i haditengerészeti támaszpontról, és a Newport News-i hajógyár felé vette az irányt az Egyesült Államok legújabb repülőgép-hordozója, a USS GERALD R. FORD (CVN 78).
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Bulgária növelni készül az F-16-ok darabszámát
A címként szereplő mondat nem sok újdonságot rejt a védelmi beszerzéseket figyelők részére. Ez a terv már 2020 első felében köztudott volt.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Kína polgári kompokat alakított át hadi célokra
A hírek szerint a 2019 óta a COSCO (China Ocean Shipping Co.) tulajdonában és üzemeltetésében álló, 15560 tonnás vízkiszorítású hajót, a BANG CSUI DAO RO/RO kompot látták el olyan megerősített szerkezetű, valamint megnövel hosszúságú rámpákkal, melyek lehetővé teszik páncélosok ki-és behajtását is.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Oroszország: pár nap alatt két MiG-29-es veszteség
Néhány nap leforgása alatt két MiG-29 Fulcrum harci repülőgéppel lett szegényebb az Orosz Légierő gépállománya.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Türkmenisztán átvette új hadihajóját
A helyi média beszámolója szerint augusztus 11-én a Kaszpi-tengeri türkmenbasi haditengerészeti támaszponton tartott ünnepségen vették át a TÜRKMÉN-osztály első egységét.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Lefestve az első német Hercules
Kigördült a Lockheed Martin festőműhelyéből a Németország részére elsőként elkészült Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Hercules szállító repülőgép.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
India licencben gyárt majd légiharc-rakétákat
Az erről szóló megállapodást már aláírták a felek. Az érintett fegyver pedig az MBDA által kifejlesztett az AIM-132 ASRAAM (Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile) lett.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Éleslövészeten süllyedt el egy amerikai fregatt
Az eset tervezetten történt, bár eredetileg 2020-ra volt ütemezve, de a koronavírus okozta járvány miatt 2021. augusztus 15-én hajtották végre.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Új kiképzőgépet keres Japán
A szigetországban elkezdték keresni a hazai fejlesztésű és gyártású Kawasaki Heavy Industries T-4 sugárhajtású kiképzőgépek utódját.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Újra üzemanyagot adott át egy pilóta nélküli repülőgép
Az Amerikai Haditengerészet már évek óta nem rendelkezik csakis üzemanyag átadás feladatát végző repülőgéppel hordozóinak fedélzetén.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Bemutatták az AKREP IId páncélozott felderítő jármű új változatát
A török Otokar az IDEF 2021-es kiállításon mutatta be az AKREP II (Skorpió) páncélozott felderítő jármű új változatát.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Hamarosan hadrendbe állhat egy újabb orosz tengeralattjáró
A hajógyár által elvégzett teszteket követően augusztus 16-tól már az állami átvételi vizsgálaton van Oroszország új tengeralattjárója.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
Japán: Pilóta nélküli gépekből is álló védőernyő rakéták ellen
A japán védelmi minisztériumban mérlegelik az infravörös érzékelőkkel felszerelt pilóta nélküli repülőgépek használatát ballisztikus és hiperszonikus rakéták felderítésére.
Catégories: Afrique, Biztonságpolitika
'Grey's Anatomy' And 'Nurses': Negative Portrayals Of Orthodox Jews Are Symptomatic Of A Bigger Problem
I still remember when our family went to Disney World, years ago, and we went to
the exhibit for "It's A Small World After All." To illustrate the point, the
exhibit contained caricatures of every nationality.
The typical Israeli was depicted as -- a Chassid. Maybe the people at Disney had trouble figuring out what an Israeli is. Or perhaps they thought their visitors did.
Times haven't changed. Depictions of Jews in the media are often accurate.
As an extreme example, take the new show on NBC called Nurses: Set in Toronto, "Nurses" follows five young nurses working on the frontlines of a busy downtown hospital, dedicating their lives to helping others, while struggling to help themselves. In a recent episode -- which NBC has now pulled off its digital platforms -- one of the subplots is that a Chassidic boy requires a bone transplant in order to be able to walk again.
The boy, with his father at his side, refuses the transplant because the bone might be from an Arab or a woman, or -- as the nurse sarcastically chimes in -- an Arab woman.
In one scene, NBC has insulted and demonized religious Jews and Judaism.
Overreaction? Orthodox Jews are targeted for violent hate crimes – in the city of New York, Jews are number one target of hate crimes in US; this is no slip of the tongue. It was a vile, cheap attack masquerading as TV drama. What’s NBC going to do about it? (Note: Apparently the name of the patient is Ezriel, not Israel.)
It is insulting not only for the deliberately negative slant the show casts on Orthodox Jews, but the show's writers couldn't even be bothered to do the minimal research necessary to realize that under the circumstances, no Orthodox Jew and no Orthodox rabbi would object to such an operation.
The website TV Fanatic does offer a possible context for this sub-plot and what it was intended to do -- draw a comparison with the nurse, who is a religious Christian: I understand what they were going for. Ashley [the nurse] comes from a religious background. She has issues with her conservative Christian home and with her conservative Christian mother.
They were trying to draw a parallel and stir up some feeling for her with this push-button topic. Stir up some feeling? Mission accomplished!
But even so, the thinking behind the plot of this episode is not even new.
In 2005, Grey's Anatomy ran an episode with a similar sub-plot: a 17-year-old girl who has recently become more religious finds out that she has a potentially threatening heart condition that could kill her. The good news is that her life can be saved with an operation that will provide her with a new heart valve.
But the valve is from a pig.
The subplot revolves around her refusal to accept the operation because of the source of the valve.
As Rabbi Avi Shafran wrote in response to the show at the time: That Jewish law in no way forbids such use of pig parts (only their consumption – and not even that when life is endangered) is not noted; quite the contrary, the viewer is led to believe that the girl’s refusal would be the natural stance of any observant Jew. The silliness of the scenario is only compounded by the casting of a woman as the Orthodox girl’s rabbi (and the episode’s “good guy,” of course).
...But the most egregious element of the fantasy is the character’s, well, character. The Orthodox youth is portrayed as, in the words of one viewer, “a crazy fundamentalist fanatical Jew [who] was rude and behaved horrendously to the doctors who were only trying to help her.” The character belittles her less-observant parents, cursing like a sailor in the process. Just your standard-fare nice, newly religious Jewish girl. [emphasis added]
Realism and accuracy clearly were not considerations. The writer admitted to The Forward, "Whenever there is a story that has a rabbi I never see a woman, I just see old men. I wanted to clash with the stereotype a bit."
But there is more going on in this episode on Grey's Anatomy than just a clash in stereotypes of what a rabbi looks like. As in the episode in Nurses, in this episode of Grey's Anatomy, the writer deliberately created a character who was obnoxious because of her religiosity.
As Rabbi Shafran points out:
...If the character is a positive one, or even a neutral one, no one, save perhaps an anti-Semite, would complain. But if he or she is consciously crafted to be obnoxious – and not merely obnoxious, but obnoxious in her dedication to her ostensible religious beliefs – does that not border on provocation? [emphasis added]
So what is going on here?
In 2005, Wendy Shalit examined the books written about the ultra-Orthodox world, many of which painted a negative picture, and wondered aloud about the audience for such books: What is the market for this fiction? Does it simply satisfy our desire, as one of Mirvis's reviewers put it, to indulge in "eavesdropping on a closed world"? Or is there a deeper urge: do some readers want to believe the ultra-Orthodox are crooked and hypocritical, and thus lacking any competing claim to the truth? Perhaps, on the other hand, readers are genuinely interested in traditional Judaism but don't know where to look for more nuanced portraits of this world. Does the same desire to undermine the Orthodox Jews motivate the writers of these kinds of episodes on Grey's Anatomy and Nurses?
In response to criticism of her article, Shalit writes: For whatever reason, many writers today like to create immoral haredi and newly-religious characters. The truth is, I don't know why. Perhaps because they are not from these worlds, they fail to appreciate the idealism that's there. Or perhaps it's because, as Ms. Mirvis has admitted, nowadays "there is a great deal of discomfort with religiosity, and I have to admit, I feel it myself as well."
...But when all your Orthodox characters are cold and dysfunctional, and unlike anything this group understands itself to be, then I think one must ask what else might be going on. [emphasis added] Shalit ends this article with a challenge: Let's turn the tables. Suppose there is a new genre in American Jewish literature, in which Reform Jews are vilified regularly. There is the temple's secretary who kills one of her Hadassah sisters in order to get the latest Judith Lieber bag, and a gay Reform rabbi who seduces younger male congregants. There are idealistic college coeds who want to escape Reform life, but are daunted by the prospect of learning Hebrew, so they abuse drugs instead. Suppose, for the sake of argument, that there is such a genre. And suppose further that these novels are a bit short on character development, that they are primarily driven by page after page of weirdo Reform characters, and mouth agape, one must turn the pages in order to satisfy one's curiosity: what will this bad Reform bunch do next? The authors, who are not Reform themselves, are celebrated in the non-Jewish world and their Reform-bashing literature is translated into multiple languages.
How would we feel about such novels? My guess is that they would not be so popular, and the fact that we have toasted such literature about Orthodox Jews for so long might -- just might -- tell us something about our prejudices. [emphasis added] There was a time that simple curiosity was the driving force in the depiction of Orthodox Jews. In his review of the book This Ain't Kosher, Elliot Gertel reveals that "the (Jewish) producers of [the TV show] Kung Fu originally thought of making the martial arts master a Hasidic rebbe."
But those were simpler days that are long behind us.
The typical Israeli was depicted as -- a Chassid. Maybe the people at Disney had trouble figuring out what an Israeli is. Or perhaps they thought their visitors did.
Times haven't changed. Depictions of Jews in the media are often accurate.
As an extreme example, take the new show on NBC called Nurses: Set in Toronto, "Nurses" follows five young nurses working on the frontlines of a busy downtown hospital, dedicating their lives to helping others, while struggling to help themselves. In a recent episode -- which NBC has now pulled off its digital platforms -- one of the subplots is that a Chassidic boy requires a bone transplant in order to be able to walk again.
The boy, with his father at his side, refuses the transplant because the bone might be from an Arab or a woman, or -- as the nurse sarcastically chimes in -- an Arab woman.
First
@nbcsnl now
@nbc 'Nurses'
airs a viciously antisemitic episode filled with lies about Orthodox
Jews.
"A dead goyim leg ... from an arab, a woman, G-d forbid
an Arab women ... Israel ... without this next step you won't walk
again".
Lies and libels lead to VIOLENCE!
pic.twitter.com/BvRA4Xiq9e
- Being against any modern medical procedures
- Being against grafting bone or tissue from non-Jews
- Being against having women's organs or bones placed in men
- Jewish men not directly addressing female nurses
- Saying that prayer and medicine are incompatible
In one scene, NBC has insulted and demonized religious Jews and Judaism.
Overreaction? Orthodox Jews are targeted for violent hate crimes – in the city of New York, Jews are number one target of hate crimes in US; this is no slip of the tongue. It was a vile, cheap attack masquerading as TV drama. What’s NBC going to do about it? (Note: Apparently the name of the patient is Ezriel, not Israel.)
It is insulting not only for the deliberately negative slant the show casts on Orthodox Jews, but the show's writers couldn't even be bothered to do the minimal research necessary to realize that under the circumstances, no Orthodox Jew and no Orthodox rabbi would object to such an operation.
The website TV Fanatic does offer a possible context for this sub-plot and what it was intended to do -- draw a comparison with the nurse, who is a religious Christian: I understand what they were going for. Ashley [the nurse] comes from a religious background. She has issues with her conservative Christian home and with her conservative Christian mother.
They were trying to draw a parallel and stir up some feeling for her with this push-button topic. Stir up some feeling? Mission accomplished!
But even so, the thinking behind the plot of this episode is not even new.
In 2005, Grey's Anatomy ran an episode with a similar sub-plot: a 17-year-old girl who has recently become more religious finds out that she has a potentially threatening heart condition that could kill her. The good news is that her life can be saved with an operation that will provide her with a new heart valve.
But the valve is from a pig.
The subplot revolves around her refusal to accept the operation because of the source of the valve.
As Rabbi Avi Shafran wrote in response to the show at the time: That Jewish law in no way forbids such use of pig parts (only their consumption – and not even that when life is endangered) is not noted; quite the contrary, the viewer is led to believe that the girl’s refusal would be the natural stance of any observant Jew. The silliness of the scenario is only compounded by the casting of a woman as the Orthodox girl’s rabbi (and the episode’s “good guy,” of course).
...But the most egregious element of the fantasy is the character’s, well, character. The Orthodox youth is portrayed as, in the words of one viewer, “a crazy fundamentalist fanatical Jew [who] was rude and behaved horrendously to the doctors who were only trying to help her.” The character belittles her less-observant parents, cursing like a sailor in the process. Just your standard-fare nice, newly religious Jewish girl. [emphasis added]
Realism and accuracy clearly were not considerations. The writer admitted to The Forward, "Whenever there is a story that has a rabbi I never see a woman, I just see old men. I wanted to clash with the stereotype a bit."
But there is more going on in this episode on Grey's Anatomy than just a clash in stereotypes of what a rabbi looks like. As in the episode in Nurses, in this episode of Grey's Anatomy, the writer deliberately created a character who was obnoxious because of her religiosity.
As Rabbi Shafran points out:
...If the character is a positive one, or even a neutral one, no one, save perhaps an anti-Semite, would complain. But if he or she is consciously crafted to be obnoxious – and not merely obnoxious, but obnoxious in her dedication to her ostensible religious beliefs – does that not border on provocation? [emphasis added]
So what is going on here?
In 2005, Wendy Shalit examined the books written about the ultra-Orthodox world, many of which painted a negative picture, and wondered aloud about the audience for such books: What is the market for this fiction? Does it simply satisfy our desire, as one of Mirvis's reviewers put it, to indulge in "eavesdropping on a closed world"? Or is there a deeper urge: do some readers want to believe the ultra-Orthodox are crooked and hypocritical, and thus lacking any competing claim to the truth? Perhaps, on the other hand, readers are genuinely interested in traditional Judaism but don't know where to look for more nuanced portraits of this world. Does the same desire to undermine the Orthodox Jews motivate the writers of these kinds of episodes on Grey's Anatomy and Nurses?
In response to criticism of her article, Shalit writes: For whatever reason, many writers today like to create immoral haredi and newly-religious characters. The truth is, I don't know why. Perhaps because they are not from these worlds, they fail to appreciate the idealism that's there. Or perhaps it's because, as Ms. Mirvis has admitted, nowadays "there is a great deal of discomfort with religiosity, and I have to admit, I feel it myself as well."
...But when all your Orthodox characters are cold and dysfunctional, and unlike anything this group understands itself to be, then I think one must ask what else might be going on. [emphasis added] Shalit ends this article with a challenge: Let's turn the tables. Suppose there is a new genre in American Jewish literature, in which Reform Jews are vilified regularly. There is the temple's secretary who kills one of her Hadassah sisters in order to get the latest Judith Lieber bag, and a gay Reform rabbi who seduces younger male congregants. There are idealistic college coeds who want to escape Reform life, but are daunted by the prospect of learning Hebrew, so they abuse drugs instead. Suppose, for the sake of argument, that there is such a genre. And suppose further that these novels are a bit short on character development, that they are primarily driven by page after page of weirdo Reform characters, and mouth agape, one must turn the pages in order to satisfy one's curiosity: what will this bad Reform bunch do next? The authors, who are not Reform themselves, are celebrated in the non-Jewish world and their Reform-bashing literature is translated into multiple languages.
How would we feel about such novels? My guess is that they would not be so popular, and the fact that we have toasted such literature about Orthodox Jews for so long might -- just might -- tell us something about our prejudices. [emphasis added] There was a time that simple curiosity was the driving force in the depiction of Orthodox Jews. In his review of the book This Ain't Kosher, Elliot Gertel reveals that "the (Jewish) producers of [the TV show] Kung Fu originally thought of making the martial arts master a Hasidic rebbe."
But those were simpler days that are long behind us.
Catégories: Afrique, Middle East
Les dernières nouvelles du continent (16)
Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE X-NONE “I am not African because I was born in Africa but because Africa was born in me.” Kwame Nkrumah
Bilan
Comme tous les ans African Arguments propose un tour d'horizon des élections à venir sur le continent africain :
En 2020, le continent africain a connu une hausse de 43% des violences djihadistes en Afrique. La violence s'est concentrée sur la Somalie (où Al Shabaab contrôle de nombreuses villes), le Sahel,
dans le bassin du lac Tchad (thread à lire), au Mozambique et en Égypte. On lira cet article sur l'Etat islamique au Mozambique. L'Afrique est également l'unique continent où les violences politiques se sont accrues en 2020.
Sur l’évolution des systèmes politiques en Afrique du Sud, au Nigéria, en Ethiopie, au Ghana, au Kenya :
Dans les mêmes Etats, l'évolution des budgets de défense et des personnels dans l'armée :
Avez-vous pris connaissance du dernier numéro d'Afrique contemporaine (bien que daté en 2019) ? Un super opus coordonné par Nicolas Donner (magnifique éditorial) et MarieMiran-Guyon (qui signe une non moins brillante introduction) sur " le fait urbain".
Le numéro nous fait voyager de Ouagadougou à Mogadiscio en passant par Kinshasa et Nairobi. Je vous recommande la lecture de cet article en particulier:"Precarious labour–Precarious lives Photographic glimpses from displaced people in Somali"cities" de Jutta Bakonyi, Peter Chonka. Une exposition que j'ai pu découvrir en 2019 en Ethiopie avec le Rift Valley Institute. Découvrez également cette "Question de recherche" : « L’irrésistible essor des jeux d’argent dans les villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Enquêtes à Dakar et Abidjan " de Ababacar Fall, Marthe Koffi-Didia, Marie Redon. J'y signe aussi une recension de l'ouvrage de Beth Elise Whitaker et John F. Clark : "Africa’s International Relations. Balancing Domestic and Global Interests".
Il faut lire l’article de Didier Péclard « Violent conflict and State formation in Africa” publié dans le Oxford Encyclopedia of African Politics et enfin accessible en ligne gratuitement.
Sahel
Félicitations à Dougoukolo Alpha Oumar Ba Konaré qui publie « National Narratives of Mali. Fula Communities in Times of Crisis ». Il présente l’objectif de cet ouvrage : « partager les récits nationaux de l’Etat malien, et de les confronter aux récits et ressentis des communautés peules en moments de tourments. Qu’est-ce qui est vrai? Qu’est-ce qui blesse? Est-ce important? Comment se comprendre? Et comment s’entendre et se soigner? »
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Le Bulletin du Centre Franco Paix publie un numéro spécial coup d'État au Mali, 4 articles, 2 entretiens avec Moustapha Dicko & Nicolas Normand.
Afrique de l'Est/Corne de l'Afrique
Il faut lire ce rapport de Michaela Collord pour l'IFRI : "Tanzania's 2020 Election. Return of the One-Party State".
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C’est quoi concrètement la Corne de l’Afrique ? Pourquoi cette région de l’Afrique connaît-elle autant de tensions en ce moment ? Au moment où l’Éthiopie est occupée à combattre au Tigré, le Soudan en a profité pour s’accaparer des terres disputées à la frontière. Le conflit au Tigré est-il en train de s’internationaliser ? Le siège de l’Union africaine est à Addis Abeba, capitale éthiopienne. Pourquoi avoir choisi cette ville et quel rôle joue l’Ethiopie au sein du continent ? Quel rôle joue Djibouti au sein de la Corne et pourquoi attire-t-il autant les grandes puissances ? Certaines ont des bases militaires sur son territoire. Un ensemble de questions sur la région auxquelles j’ai pu répondre dans l’émission Arrêt sur le monde du CERIUM.
Ethiopian Airlines et Air Djibouti sesont associées avec le port de Djibouti afin de proposer un hub de fret
aéro-maritime depuis l'aéroport de Djibouti. Un collègue nous explique sur Twitter
que « C'est aussi une manière de contenir les éventuelles ambitions de Air
Djibouti et aussi d'assurer un contrôle sur le port de Djibouti ». Sur l'économie éthiopienne on lira : Oxford Handbook of the Ethiopian Economy.
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En décembre, l'IGAD a nommé une équipe d’observateurs qui a rendu son rapport sur les tensions frontalières entre la Somalie et le Kenya. La Somalie a estimé que ce rapport était trop favorable à Nairobi. Les caricatures d'Amin Art savent si bien décrire la réalité (Merci à Cala pour la traduction) : Uhuru: ``Je vois la Somalie revenir!`` Guelleh: `` Je vois rien a l`horizon. Est-ce que tu hallucines!``
Très bel article dans Le Monde sur les anciennes colonies italiennes ICI. Je vous recommande ce formidable premier roman de Stéphanie Coste. Elle raconte le destin croisé de migrants venus d'Érythrée et de leur bourreau - lui-même érythréen - sur une plage libyenne... Les EAU auraient -ils évacué leur base d’Assab en Erythrée ?
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Thread intéressant qui décrypte des
images de chars T 55 au
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Tigray en novembre dont la peinture permet de les identifier comme
érythréens. L’Éthiopie a confirmé la fermeture dedeux des quatre camps de réfugiés érythréens en Ethiopie. Sur les 96 000
réfugiés érythréens en Éthiopie avant le déclenchement du conflit dans la
région du Tigré, il ne reste que 26 000 à 28 000 Érythréens dans les deux
derniers camps.
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Voici le dernier rapport du Human Right Watch sur la situation sanitaire en Ethiopie.
Parce que c'est toujours un plaisir de revenir à ses racines et de pouvoir échanger avec le plus grand quotidien régional de France (et le journal de mon enfance) voici une interview sur la situation actuelle dans le nord de l'Ethiopie. La dévolution est-elle une solution au conflit ? Pour l'ICG les troupes érythréennes et amhara doivent se retirer du Tigray, le gouvernement doit permmettre l'accès aux populations et débuter un dialogue inclusive. Le Premier ministre éthiopien tente de rétablir son image de Prix Nobel de la paix et propose une Tribune dans Jeune Afrique :"Vers un ordre pacifique dans la Corne de l'Afrique". Il faut lire ce numéro de la revue Médiévale consacré à "Éthiopie, Nubie, Égypte. Pouvoirs chrétiens et musulmans (XIe-XVe siècle)".
Point de vue soudanais sur les développements récents du
différends sur le GERD et sur le conflit pour le triangle d'Al-Fashaga. Lisez cet article sur le pouvoir politique et le secteur de l'électricité en Ethiopie. Sur les relations entre l'Ethiopie et la Russie (ICI).
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Très heureuse de publier avec mon ancienne collègue de l’IRSEM Fatiha Dazi-Héni cette note "The Red Sea: New spaces of interdependent securityissues between countries of the Gulf and of the Horn of Africa”.
Cette semaine le Président djiboutien était en visite en France afin, notamment, de renégocier les accords de défense et de rencontrer le MEDEF. Voici quelques échanges sur le sujet : ICI ICI et ICI
Catégories: Afrique
What Does "The Jewish Vote" Even Mean -- And Is There Enough Of It To Go Around?
This past election, once again the perpetual question that inevitably came up
was about 'the Jewish vote': which candidate won it -- and why does it even
matter? The Democrats consistently brag that they own the Jewish vote, while
the Republicans just keep on claiming that they are just on the verge of
acquiring it.
This bipartisan fight over the Jewish vote can be traced back to Herbert Hoover.
In their 2012 book "Herbert Hoover and The Jews," Rafael Medoff and Sonja Wentling, propose that the Jewish vote became a thing in the leadup to the 1944 presidential election, when Roosevelt ran for his 4th term, against Thomas Dewey.
A review of that book notes that in contrast to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, it was Hoover -- 10 years after he was voted out of office -- who stood up for European Jews. Hoover publicly advocated for the US to open its doors to Jewish refugees and repeatedly spoke out for Jews during the Holocaust years.
The book also reveals that although, at the time, Rabbi Stephen Wise and the Jewish leadership were wary of Republican politicians in general and of Hoover in particular, Republicans such as Hoover himself, Senator Robert Taft and Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce espoused strongly pro-Zionist and pro-rescue planks that were incorporated into the Republican convention’s 1944 platform. Only this threat to their monopoly of the “Jewish vote,” Medoff and Wentling argue, forced FDR and the Democrats to adopt similar planks, which have ever since remained unshakable for both parties. [emphasis added] But why would anyone ever bother with the Jewish vote to begin with? After all, for a voting bloc, there is not a lot to recommend it:
In a 2016 video, Jonathan Sarna, a professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis, listed some of the reasons why politicians vie over the Jewish vote, even despite its small size:
Four years earlier, in a 2012 article, Shmuel Rosner added another reason why politicians consider is important, and why the attention to the Jewish vote is out of proportion to its numbers:
One would say it's the influence that Jews have in the media and their solid presence in notable positions. Others would point to their presence in celebrity circles and the arts, while still others would look to the over-representation of Jews in American politics, as advisors, consultants, pollsters, analysts and elected officials.
But you can really just call it the bellwether factor. Jews are seen as major political players because they believe that their vote really counts, because they project self-importance. They might not tip elections, but they appear as if they can. Going further back to 2010, Pew Research found indications that the perpetual prediction of Republican gains among the Jewish vote might actually be happening: The religious landscape is far more favorable to Republicans than was the case as recently as 2008. Half of white non-Hispanic Catholics (50%) currently identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up nine points since 2008. Among religiously unaffiliated voters, who have been stalwart supporters of Democrats in recent elections, 29% currently identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up from 25% in 2008 (the proportion identifying as Democrats has fallen seven points since then). And 33% of Jewish voters identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up from 20% in 2008. [emphasis added] In a different article, Rosner finds indications that Jews are not actually trending Republican -- they are trending libertarian, meaning that losses in the Democratic share of the Jewish vote are not necessarily translating straight into Republican gains.
But either way, Democrats cannot take the Jewish vote for granted anymore -- despite what they may say publicly.
In 2006, a Washington Post featured an article Future of Orthodox Jewish Vote Has Implications for GOP, based not only on the conservative views of Orthodox Jews, but also on their higher birth rate.
To which Jill Jacobs, executive director of T'ruah, responded: I’m not quite ready to buy this prediction. After all, who’s to say whether today’s Orthodox babies will grow up voting Republican, Democratic, Green, or Libertarian. (or whether today’s Orthodox babies will stay Orthodox, become Renewal rabbis, or even succumb the Jews for Jesus subway ads) Still, it’s an interesting assumption that Orthodox communities will always produce kids and adults who vote according to Jewish self-interest, narrowly defined. Yeah, and who's to say whether the Democratic party will someday stand idly by as the radical left progressives of their party openly attacked not only Israel but also accuse Israel's supporters of dual loyalty?
Then there is the argument on how to even define, and measure, the Jewish vote.
Yossie Hollander, chairman of the Israeli Institute for Economic Planning, claims Contrary to popular belief, most US Jews support Trump.
His reasoning? No one is counting the Jewish vote correctly because they are overlooking certain components of the American Jewish population:
Ever notice that no one talks about politicians going after "the Irish vote?" To be statistically meaningful or politically relevant, a characteristic must impact voting behavior. For example, there are almost 35 million Americans of Irish descent, but it’s been decades since presidential campaigns engaged in sustained Irish voter outreach. That’s because it’s long been difficult to distinguish anything sufficiently unique – identifiably Irish - about their political behavior. Most vote precisely as their education, profession, income, and zip code alone would predict. The exceptions tend to be active, practicing Catholics who elevate concerns relevant to their faith...
The use of the term “Jewish” interchangeably to mean both ethnicity (like “Irish”) and faith (like “Catholic”) obfuscates it, but the same phenomenon is true for America’s Jews. [emphasis added] According to Ballabon, a large segment of American Jews, like Irish Americans, are arguably not uniquely Jewish in their own political behavior: The American Left seethes with enmity towards President Trump and is thoroughly wedded to the Democrats. The vast majority of Jews who follow suit proudly confirm that they do so as progressives with universal concerns; not parochially – not as part of a “Jewish Vote.” Even when they profess concern over antisemitism, it’s glaringly limited to those alleged by progressives to be malefactors. [emphasis added] Whether radical groups put the word "Jewish" in their name or name their group after a popular saying in Pirkei Avot, that often appears to be the full extent of their identification with their fellow Jews.
Meanwhile, as for the latest fight for bragging rights to the Jewish vote, the results of this last presidential election seem to validate that the Jewish vote is no longer limited to being a Democratic cheerleading squad.
While Biden easily got the majority of the Jewish vote -- there are indications that Trump improved his numbers for the Jewish vote, which made it possible to win the state of Florida, where an AP exit poll indicated he received 43% of the Jewish vote compared to 56% for Biden. Nationally, exit polls indicated Trump received the highest percent of the Jewish vote for a Republican in decades (30%), while the Jewish vote for Biden was low for a Democrat (68%).
There are hints that the conservative element of the Jewish vote may finally be coming into its own -- and the same Jewish vote that helped Biden in some states was successfully siphoned off by Trump to win others.
But at what cost is the Jewish vote being split?
Jonathan Tobin writes that Jews in America are among Trump’s fiercest opponents – but also his most fervent supporters: For Jewish liberals, Trump is an ally of antisemites and a proto-authoritarian whose character and conduct, statements mark him as a unique threat to democracy. They can’t understand why even one Jew would consider voting for him.
...It’s not for nothing that the Jewish Democratic Council has produced ads that more or less accuse Trump of being a Nazi and, despite the offensive nature of these analogies, have found them resonating with many liberal Jews. Tobin points out that Jews, like the rest of America, are divided into 2 political cultures which feed off of different circles on social media -- circles that usually don't include the other side. The overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox Jews identify with the social justice agenda of the Democratic Party and think it forms the core of Judaism and place it higher as a priority than support for Israel. On the other hand, Orthodox Jews, and non-Orthodox Jews who identify as politically conservative, see support for Israel as a decisive issue.
At home, the Orthodox and conservative groups don't see Trump’s embrace of nationalism as a threat. Instead, they see it as the best way to defend Jews against the antisemitism of the intersectional left which is assuming a more prominent and vocal role in the Democratic Party.
Even Jews who are members of the same, educated classes who find Trump so offensive, share the distrust that the working-class has for the mainstream media that made it their mission to defeat him, working together with the liberal social media to censor conservative views and unflattering stories about Democrats. The choice boils down to how much value you place on having a president who may be flawed, but is historically pro-Israel and supportive of a conservative political agenda, as opposed to the cherished hope of Trump opponents: that a moderate liberal like Biden can restore a sense of pre-2016 normalcy, while also keeping in check the Democrats’ radical wing. In comparison with everything we hear about the need to address the divide between American Jews and Israelis, this developing rift within the Jewish community itself, as reflected by the split in the Jewish vote, is being overlooked.
But it is unlikely to go away.
This bipartisan fight over the Jewish vote can be traced back to Herbert Hoover.
In their 2012 book "Herbert Hoover and The Jews," Rafael Medoff and Sonja Wentling, propose that the Jewish vote became a thing in the leadup to the 1944 presidential election, when Roosevelt ran for his 4th term, against Thomas Dewey.
A review of that book notes that in contrast to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, it was Hoover -- 10 years after he was voted out of office -- who stood up for European Jews. Hoover publicly advocated for the US to open its doors to Jewish refugees and repeatedly spoke out for Jews during the Holocaust years.
The book also reveals that although, at the time, Rabbi Stephen Wise and the Jewish leadership were wary of Republican politicians in general and of Hoover in particular, Republicans such as Hoover himself, Senator Robert Taft and Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce espoused strongly pro-Zionist and pro-rescue planks that were incorporated into the Republican convention’s 1944 platform. Only this threat to their monopoly of the “Jewish vote,” Medoff and Wentling argue, forced FDR and the Democrats to adopt similar planks, which have ever since remained unshakable for both parties. [emphasis added] But why would anyone ever bother with the Jewish vote to begin with? After all, for a voting bloc, there is not a lot to recommend it:
- Jews are about 1.5% of the American population o That percentage is about half of what it was 50 years ago
- And this percentage is continuing to shrink
- As a bloc, it is not even unified -- with religious Jews tending to vote Republican and non-religious voting Democratic
- While the vast majority of Jews support Israel, come election time Israel does not rank as a major issue
In a 2016 video, Jonathan Sarna, a professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis, listed some of the reasons why politicians vie over the Jewish vote, even despite its small size:
- Despite their small numbers, Jews turn out to vote in high numbers -- according to one estimate, 85% of all eligible Jews vote in presidential elections o Jews historically contribute large amounts of money to political parties -- both Democratic and Republican.
- Jews happen to live in key states that presidential candidates want to carry, such as Florida
- There are indications that the Democratic party is moving away from Israel, which may present an opportunity for Republicans to capture more of the Jewish vote
Four years earlier, in a 2012 article, Shmuel Rosner added another reason why politicians consider is important, and why the attention to the Jewish vote is out of proportion to its numbers:
One would say it's the influence that Jews have in the media and their solid presence in notable positions. Others would point to their presence in celebrity circles and the arts, while still others would look to the over-representation of Jews in American politics, as advisors, consultants, pollsters, analysts and elected officials.
But you can really just call it the bellwether factor. Jews are seen as major political players because they believe that their vote really counts, because they project self-importance. They might not tip elections, but they appear as if they can. Going further back to 2010, Pew Research found indications that the perpetual prediction of Republican gains among the Jewish vote might actually be happening: The religious landscape is far more favorable to Republicans than was the case as recently as 2008. Half of white non-Hispanic Catholics (50%) currently identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up nine points since 2008. Among religiously unaffiliated voters, who have been stalwart supporters of Democrats in recent elections, 29% currently identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up from 25% in 2008 (the proportion identifying as Democrats has fallen seven points since then). And 33% of Jewish voters identify with or lean toward the Republican Party, up from 20% in 2008. [emphasis added] In a different article, Rosner finds indications that Jews are not actually trending Republican -- they are trending libertarian, meaning that losses in the Democratic share of the Jewish vote are not necessarily translating straight into Republican gains.
But either way, Democrats cannot take the Jewish vote for granted anymore -- despite what they may say publicly.
In 2006, a Washington Post featured an article Future of Orthodox Jewish Vote Has Implications for GOP, based not only on the conservative views of Orthodox Jews, but also on their higher birth rate.
To which Jill Jacobs, executive director of T'ruah, responded: I’m not quite ready to buy this prediction. After all, who’s to say whether today’s Orthodox babies will grow up voting Republican, Democratic, Green, or Libertarian. (or whether today’s Orthodox babies will stay Orthodox, become Renewal rabbis, or even succumb the Jews for Jesus subway ads) Still, it’s an interesting assumption that Orthodox communities will always produce kids and adults who vote according to Jewish self-interest, narrowly defined. Yeah, and who's to say whether the Democratic party will someday stand idly by as the radical left progressives of their party openly attacked not only Israel but also accuse Israel's supporters of dual loyalty?
Then there is the argument on how to even define, and measure, the Jewish vote.
Yossie Hollander, chairman of the Israeli Institute for Economic Planning, claims Contrary to popular belief, most US Jews support Trump.
His reasoning? No one is counting the Jewish vote correctly because they are overlooking certain components of the American Jewish population:
- Israelis who emigrate to the US and are citizens with voting rights -- estimates of the size of this group range from 600,000 to one million. Pollsters do not know how to reach and measure this group and manage to measure only a very small percentage of it.
- The ultra-Orthodox -- while people talk about them as a political component of the Jewish vote, Hollander writes that because the percentage of their children is relatively higher compared to the average population, the number of eligible voters is not the same ratio as in other populations, and so they end up not being surveyed.
- Immigrants from the former Soviet Union and their children -- there are about 350,000 of them and for a variety of reasons, they are rarely surveyed.
- The "Southwest Belt" -- Over the past 30 years, there has been massive immigration in US population centers from the north to areas in Orange County California, San Diego County, Nevada, Arizona, Texas, Atlanta, and Florida. Jews are part of this migration, and as a result, the Jewish communities there are growing rapidly, mostly in conservative areas. According to Hollander, most polling models still use the old population model.
Ever notice that no one talks about politicians going after "the Irish vote?" To be statistically meaningful or politically relevant, a characteristic must impact voting behavior. For example, there are almost 35 million Americans of Irish descent, but it’s been decades since presidential campaigns engaged in sustained Irish voter outreach. That’s because it’s long been difficult to distinguish anything sufficiently unique – identifiably Irish - about their political behavior. Most vote precisely as their education, profession, income, and zip code alone would predict. The exceptions tend to be active, practicing Catholics who elevate concerns relevant to their faith...
The use of the term “Jewish” interchangeably to mean both ethnicity (like “Irish”) and faith (like “Catholic”) obfuscates it, but the same phenomenon is true for America’s Jews. [emphasis added] According to Ballabon, a large segment of American Jews, like Irish Americans, are arguably not uniquely Jewish in their own political behavior: The American Left seethes with enmity towards President Trump and is thoroughly wedded to the Democrats. The vast majority of Jews who follow suit proudly confirm that they do so as progressives with universal concerns; not parochially – not as part of a “Jewish Vote.” Even when they profess concern over antisemitism, it’s glaringly limited to those alleged by progressives to be malefactors. [emphasis added] Whether radical groups put the word "Jewish" in their name or name their group after a popular saying in Pirkei Avot, that often appears to be the full extent of their identification with their fellow Jews.
Meanwhile, as for the latest fight for bragging rights to the Jewish vote, the results of this last presidential election seem to validate that the Jewish vote is no longer limited to being a Democratic cheerleading squad.
While Biden easily got the majority of the Jewish vote -- there are indications that Trump improved his numbers for the Jewish vote, which made it possible to win the state of Florida, where an AP exit poll indicated he received 43% of the Jewish vote compared to 56% for Biden. Nationally, exit polls indicated Trump received the highest percent of the Jewish vote for a Republican in decades (30%), while the Jewish vote for Biden was low for a Democrat (68%).
There are hints that the conservative element of the Jewish vote may finally be coming into its own -- and the same Jewish vote that helped Biden in some states was successfully siphoned off by Trump to win others.
But at what cost is the Jewish vote being split?
Jonathan Tobin writes that Jews in America are among Trump’s fiercest opponents – but also his most fervent supporters: For Jewish liberals, Trump is an ally of antisemites and a proto-authoritarian whose character and conduct, statements mark him as a unique threat to democracy. They can’t understand why even one Jew would consider voting for him.
...It’s not for nothing that the Jewish Democratic Council has produced ads that more or less accuse Trump of being a Nazi and, despite the offensive nature of these analogies, have found them resonating with many liberal Jews. Tobin points out that Jews, like the rest of America, are divided into 2 political cultures which feed off of different circles on social media -- circles that usually don't include the other side. The overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox Jews identify with the social justice agenda of the Democratic Party and think it forms the core of Judaism and place it higher as a priority than support for Israel. On the other hand, Orthodox Jews, and non-Orthodox Jews who identify as politically conservative, see support for Israel as a decisive issue.
At home, the Orthodox and conservative groups don't see Trump’s embrace of nationalism as a threat. Instead, they see it as the best way to defend Jews against the antisemitism of the intersectional left which is assuming a more prominent and vocal role in the Democratic Party.
Even Jews who are members of the same, educated classes who find Trump so offensive, share the distrust that the working-class has for the mainstream media that made it their mission to defeat him, working together with the liberal social media to censor conservative views and unflattering stories about Democrats. The choice boils down to how much value you place on having a president who may be flawed, but is historically pro-Israel and supportive of a conservative political agenda, as opposed to the cherished hope of Trump opponents: that a moderate liberal like Biden can restore a sense of pre-2016 normalcy, while also keeping in check the Democrats’ radical wing. In comparison with everything we hear about the need to address the divide between American Jews and Israelis, this developing rift within the Jewish community itself, as reflected by the split in the Jewish vote, is being overlooked.
But it is unlikely to go away.
Catégories: Afrique, Middle East
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