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There is nothing new in the contemporary doctrine opposing intervention or in the pragmatic use of intervention on behalf of individual nations' interests.

The United Nations and South Africa are in dispute over which country governs a piece of formerly German-occupied territory known as South West Africa.

What is the destiny of the Europe of the Six? What should be its aim? Should it be content with economic integration and remain what the Gaullists contemptuously call a mere Europe des Marchands, sheltered under the American umbrella? Or should it aspire to become a power in its own right, a self-reliant Europe enjoying the status of "equal partner" with the United States, as the late President Kennedy, with unprecedented generosity, exhorted it to do? The debate on these questions now in progress throughout the Europe of the Six has been forced on its members by the American invitation to switch over to a somewhat doubtful form of Atlantic integration-the Multilateral Nuclear Force.

In the Security Council on August 7 the United States voted for a ban on the shipment of arms to the South African Government, and in the course of the debate the American representative announced that the United States would suspend all arms shipments at the end of the year. Since South Africa has in the past found it difficult to obtain licenses for the purchase of American arms, this decision represented only a small shift in policy. But as the vote was taken under African pressure, and as it separated the United States from Britain and France (which abstained), the shift was significant; for it showed that when faced with a choice, the United States is more prepared than before to take a stand against apartheid.

The Arab refugee problem is no longer the principal obstacle to peace between Israel and the Arab states. This was indicated in the recent United Nations Palestine debate. Concern of most Arab speakers about the refugees was secondary to their fear of the Zionist enclave in the Arab "heartland."

The Soviet missiles in Cuba were a threat to the security of the United States and the Western Hemisphere. As such they endangered the peace of the world. The action undertaken against this threat carried its own dangers. But as President Kennedy said on October 22, "the greatest danger of all would be to do nothing."

ON September 25 of last year, President Kennedy laid before the 16th General Assembly a four-point program of space coöperation under United Nations auspices. The program called for a régime of law and order in outer space; the promotion of scientific coöperation and the exchange of information; a world-wide undertaking in weather forecasting and weather research; and international coöperation in the establishment of a global system of communication satellites. As a result of this initiative, an effort in outer space coöperation is now under way. The President's program was incorporated in a resolution adopted unanimously by the 16th General Assembly on December 20, 1961. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has finally begun its work-with the Soviet Union on board.

We need to develop a new framework within which to meet people's basic needs and all world-relevant needs, i.e. for transportation, communications, currency, the allocation of medical supplies, and so on

Not available.

Soviet pressure against the free institutions of the Western world is something that can be contained by the adroit and vigilant application of counterforce

 

 

U.S. nuclear weapons were born nearly 65 years ago with the purpose of winning a worldwide war against Nazi Germany and imperial Japan. They grew up to deter a massive Soviet army that threatened to invade and dominate all of Europe. With the disappearance of that threat almost 20 years ago, nuclear weapons entered middle age in search of a new mission—a search that continues to this day. Some suggest nuclear weapons are necessary to deter, or even preempt, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. Others believe they are needed to destroy deeply buried, hardened targets in hostile states. But the reality is that only one real purpose remains for U.S. nuclear weapons: to prevent the use of nuclear weapons by others.

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Au début des années 70, l’Iran et l’Irak sont les deux puissances proéminentes du Moyen-Orient . Elles sont soutenues respectivement par les Etats-Unis et l’Union Soviétique mais malgré certains différents territoriaux. il n’est pas envisageable pour l’Irak d’attaquer l’Iran qui dispose d’une armée massivement supérieure en hommes et en équipement. Désireux de régler leurs différents ...

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Les accrochages vont principalement se dérouler dans les airs. Les Britanniques attaquent l’aéroport de Stanley à plusieurs reprises et détruisent de nombreuses cibles au sol. Le 21 mai à 2h00, les commandos de marines britanniques 40 et 45 débarquent à San Carlos. Quelques heures plus tard, les parachutistes occupent Port San Carlos. Les Argentins n’opposent ...

Les Britanniques et plus précisément Margaret Thatcher organisèrent rapidement une pression diplomatique à l’encontre de l’Argentine tandis qu’ils constituaient une armada autour des porte-aéronefs HMS Invincible et HMS Hermes. À cause de l’éloignement entre les Malouines et le Royaume-Uni, les Britanniques devaient utiliser une force aéronavale autonome commandée par le contre-amiral John Woodward. Une seconde ...

Le plan d’invasion fut conçu par l’amiral Jorge Anaya, le chef passionnément anti-britannique de la marine argentine. Après l’échec des négociations en janvier 1982, les plans furent finalisés et l’invasion programmée pour avril. L’attaque fut précédée par l’occupation de l’île de Géorgie du Sud à 1 390 km des Malouines, le 19 mars 1982, par ...

Tout d’abord il faut noter que la situation est difficile en Argentine à l’époque avec une dictature militaire depuis 1976, des problemes eco grave : inflation annuelle de 140 % et la guerilla des Monteneros qui dure. Dans ce contexte, le general Galtieri qui arrive au pouvoir en 1981 décide de détourner l’attention portée par ...